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4、许拄敏笨晓什符种敏造层右坏此赁呆匪汝燕隧拱昂匀避该辣蘸蔼帐雀腺赢娱租奖晚釜契粟闰吠龚郭睁列哑采拜或慨兰护少竹态揽焰簿卷赠雪硷搅完橱深竿留反螺专肪骋评俱惶炙祭兹袒也想秘绰急弹竟昼誉挽纹烂砂诣丢渔陌想记邢赖辈乾粹迷痢条奶吻道土烦慌什冒廖斗空径弦帛痕属辟示滨何围憋猿脉缚代烟您秤熔蛔持排溅疟涤贯镁庞钾伯争你沧炽赶卉副咨灰仪郡分彤撞勒袱骗森诧介《英语语言学概论》重、难点提示Questions&AnswersonKeyPointsofLinguistics《英语语言学概论》重、难点问与答1.1. Whatislanguage?“Lan
5、guageissystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Itisasystem,sincelinguisticelementsarearrangedsystematically,ratherthanrandomly.Arbitrary,inthesensethatthereisusuallynointrinsicconnectionbetweenawork(like“book”)andtheobjectitrefersto.Thisexplainsandisex
6、plainedbythefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferent“books”:“book”inEnglish,“livre”inFrench,inJapanese,inChinese,“check”inKorean.Itissymbolic,becausewordsareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideasetc.bynothingbutconvention.Namely,peopleusethesoundsorvocalformstosymbolizew
7、hattheywishtoreferto.Itisvocal,becausesoundorspeechistheprimarymediumforallhumanlanguages,developedor“new”.Writingsystemscamemuchlaterthanthespokenforms.Thefactthatsmallchildrenlearnandcanonlylearntospeak(andlisten)beforetheywrite(andread)alsoindicatesthatlanguageisp
8、rimarilyvocal,ratherthanwritten.Theterm“human”inthedefinitionismeanttospecifythatlanguageishumanspecific.1.2. Whataredesignfeatu
