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1、主谓一致问题一、常考的是主语有and但实际指同一个人的情况,当用单数。二、Here/there需要注意。三、成对连词比较重要。四、单数形式却代表复数内容的词有/peoplepolicecattlepoultry(家禽)vermin(害虫)clergy(神职人员)militia(民兵)clothes,五、复数形式的单复同形名词作主语时,以意义一致原则论,表单数时用单数式,表复数时用复数式。如means/works/news/species/Chinese/Japanese.六、一些集体名词根据表达侧重的不同既可为单数也可为复数,如popula
2、tionfamilyclassteamgovernmentcompanyclubcrowdcommitteecrewjurypartyfirmcoupleboardgroupgangenemyunionaudiencepublicmankindhumanityyouth。以及agroupcrowdof+复数也是也是如此。七、店铺名一般作为集体名词看待,谓语习惯用复数。八、Morethanone和manya虽然表复数,但谓语用单数。九、Sales作为复数看待。主谓一致 1.语法一致的原则 2.意义一致的原则 3.邻近一致的原则 1.语
3、法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning. Thechildrenareplayingoutside. Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent. (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: BothheandIareright. MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom. 注:①虽然由and连接,但
4、实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词应当用单数。这时应注意冠词的用法,例如: Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl. Thepoetandwriterhascome.Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable.Hereisaneedleandthreadforyou.Thebreadandbutterhasgonebad.Breadandbuttertastesgood.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.cf.Thebreadan
5、dthebuttertastegood.②在某些谚语中,由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词一般用单数,如:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式(此时强调的是每个)。例如: Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeduc
6、ation. Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.7 (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,withaswellas等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数(实际上作修饰语的介词结构不影响主语),这也称为就远原则。例如: Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum. Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass. (5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时
7、,谓语动词要用复数。例如: Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside. Thepolicearelookingforlostboy. (6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Iseverybodyready? Somebodyisusingthephone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Wherearemyshoes?Ica
8、n’tfindthem. Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem. 如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词