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1、______________第一章名词的用法一．名词的分类类别定义例词专有名词表示国家、地点、人名等China,Japan,Germany,Russia,Italia,Australia,Beijing,London,Washington,NewYork,Paris,Newton,Einstein,LiMing,Obama,Lincoln表示团体、机构等名称WorldHealthOrganization,theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedNations普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个别的人或者物desk,stu
2、dent,banana,egg,apple,teacher,engineer,dancer,singer,computer,television,radio,tree,flower,dog,pig,panda,cat,tiger,lion集体名词表示若干个人或物的总称family,class,team,group,police,people,class,audience,company,cattle,crew,patient,public,youth,grown-up,club,forest不可数名词数不清的抽象名词，表性质、行为、状态、情感
3、等。money,rice,bread,ink,milk,water,quality,amount,attention,anger,happiness,danger,darkness,education,depth,luck,knowledge,patience,peace,permission,news,pain,joy,truth二．可数名词变复数规则变化一般情况下在词尾加sbook,desks,apples,students,teachers,beds,rooms,engineers以s,x,o,z,ss,sh,ch结尾的加es.buse
4、s,boxes,tomatoes,glasses,watches,dishes特殊的单词有:radios,photos,pianos,kilos,zoos,videos,zeros,stomachs以th结尾的直接加struths,months,mouths,youths,lengths,myths,baths以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加es；以元音字母加y结尾的，直接加sfamily—families,baby—babies,factory—factories,university—universities,victory—victo
5、ries（胜利）boy,toys,keys,rays,ways,stays以f结尾的，变f为v，加es；以fe结尾的，变fe为ve，加s.leaf—leaves,wolf—wolves,thief—thieves,self—selves,shelf—shelves,scarf—scarves树叶半数自己黄，妻子持刀去捆粮。架子后面窜出狼，就像小偷逃命忙。特殊单词有：serfs（农奴），gulfs（海湾），chiefs（首领），cliffs（悬崖），beliefs（信仰），proofs（证据），roofs（屋顶），safes（保险箱），brie
6、fs（摘要）海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无10信仰，证据写在手帕上。不规则变化单复数同型fish,sheep,deer特殊式变化man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feettooth—teeth,mouse—mice,ox—oxen国人的复数单复数同型Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Portuguese（葡萄牙人）后面加men,womenFrench—Frenchmen,English—Englishmen以an结尾的，直接加sAmerican—Americans,Ital
7、ian—Italians,German—Germans合成名词的复数含中心名词的，在中心名词上加sfather-in-law（岳父），passers-by，apple-trees，tooth-brushes不含中心名词的，在后一个名词上加sGrown—ups,go—betweens（中间人）由man，woman加名词构成的合成名词，两个名词都变复数womanteacher—womenteachers（女教师）mandoctor—mendoctors（男医生）womannurse—womennurses,manworker—menworkers
8、有girl，boy加名词构成的合成名词，变后面一个名词。boyworker—boyworkers,girlfarmer—girlfarmers,boyteacher
