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1、苏州北雅http://www.beiyaedu.cnSAT专项练习分词语病SAT考试中ErrorCorrection以及SentenceImprovement部分出现的分词悬垂结构----从lookingupatthesky,themoonshonebrightandclear之误,看分词等的悬垂结构分词短语相当于定语从句,其逻辑主语就是句子主句的主语。例如:Lookingupatthesky,shesawthemoonshinebrightandclear.此句主语:she,因此Lookingupatthesky=As
2、shelookedupatthesky,可以说这个分词短语的逻辑主语是主句主语she。如果一个分词短语不是句子主语,这个结构就是悬垂结构(独立结构及generallyspeaking等除外)。例如:Lookingupatthesky,themoonshonebrightandclear。显然,从句的主语themoon不可能是分词短语Lookingupatthesky的逻辑主语,故该分词短衣也就悬垂无依附了。再举一个SAT真题中的例子:Notfillingouttheformscarefully,therewasatwo-
3、weekdelayinprocessinghispaycheck.(0910,Section6Q4)(A)Notfillingouttheformscarefully(B)Theforms,notfilledoutcarefully(C)Notcarefullyfillingouttheforms,(D)Becausehehadnotfilledouttheformscarefully(E)Byhimnotbeingcarefulwhilefilingoutheforms同理,filling的逻辑主语应该是he,可是在主
4、句中的主语是atwo-weekdelay,显然不能发出fill的动作,因此构成了notfillingout…这个结构没有依附的悬垂在主句的前面。悬垂结构是应该避免的错句,归纳起来SAT考试中一共有下面几类悬垂的病句。1.悬垂致病的分词结构。Walkingalongthelake,thecountryscenerypresentedalovelyshow.Sittingatthewindow,aflockofbirdsflewacrossthesky.上两句中,walking和sitting的逻辑主语是人,而主句的主语都是
5、物(thecountryscenery和aflockofbirds)可以用如下两种方法改正:(1)把分词短语扩展成状语从句,主句结构不变。例如:Aswewalkedalongthelake,thecountryscenerypresentedalovelyshow.Asthecowboysatatthewindow,aflockofbirdsflewacrossthesky.上述SAT考题中的(D)选项采用的改正方法正式分词变成状语从句的形式。因此正确的答案是(D)(2)保留分词短语,改变主句的主语,使之能成为分词短语的
6、逻辑主语,并做其他相应变化。Walkingalongthelake,wesawalovelyshowpresentedbythecountryscenery.Sittingatthewindow,thecowboysawaflockofbirdsflyingacrossthesky.再举一个同年同月同一个section的SAT考试sentenceimprovement的例子:Frustratedwiththelackoffashionableclothingatdecentpricesinmostretailstores
7、,anewdiscountstorewasopenedonMainStreetbyalocalclothingdesigner.苏州北雅http://www.beiyaedu.cn(A)stores,anewdiscountstorewasopenedonMainStreetbyalocalclothingdesigner.(B)stores,itwasonMainStreetthatalocalclothingdesigneropenedanewdiscountstore.(C)stores,alocalclothin
8、gdesigneropenedanewdiscountstoreonMainStreet.(D)stores;onMainstreetalocalclothingdesigneropenedanewdiscountstore.(E)storesledalocalclothingdesignertoopenanewdi