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1、浅析农村养老问题及对策摘要:随着人民生活水平的逐年提升,人的平均寿命越来越长,根据全国居家养老状况调查组委会提供的调查材料显示统计和预测,2013年底我国60岁以上老年人口已突破2亿大关,2025年将突破3亿,2034年将突破4亿,至2050年左右将达到峰值4.87亿,届时每三个人中就有一个老年人,目前我国是世界上唯一的老年人口超过1亿的国家。随着现代化的发展,大批农村剩余劳动力流入城市,农村地区出现了很多空巢老人现象。农村地区老年人在空巢现象加重、家庭地位发生转移、养老机构起不到良好作用的状况下,农村老年人的
2、精神负担和生活负担越来越重,而相当一部分农村老年人的生活处于相对和绝对的贫困状态,养老问题面临着严重困境。不难想象,在新的世纪,农村养老问题将是我国最大的社会问题之一。本文分析了如今中国农村养老的概况,揭露了中国农村养老存在的一些突出问题,并归纳了养老的几种主要模式。以山西省侯马市上马办为例,论述了养老的现状、存在问题,探讨了农村养老难的主要原因,重点论述了解决农村养老问题的对策建议。关键词:农村养老老人BriefAnalysisonRuralOld-ageCareandtheCountermeasures——
3、ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity,ShanxiProvinceasanExampleAbstract:Withtheyearlyincreasinglifestandard,theaveragelifespanofhumanbeingsislongerandlonger.Accordingtothestatisticsandforecastsprovidedbynationalorganizingcommitteeofhome-basedcareser
4、vicestatus,theoldpopulationoversixtyhasbrokenthroughtwohundredmillionattheendof2013,whichwillbeoverthreehundredmillionin2025,overfourhundredmillionin2034,andarriveatthepeaknumberoffourpointeighty-sevenhundredmillionin2050whenalmostoneinthreeisanoldman.Chinai
5、stheonlycountryofwhichthepopulationoftheagedisoveronehundredmillionatpresent.Largenumbersofsurplusrurallaborbegintotransfertocitieswiththedevelopmentofmodernization,resultingintheappearanceofmanyemptynesters.Underthecircumstancesofthecontinuouslyincreasingem
6、ptynesters,thetransferenceoffamilystatus,andtheincompletefunctionsofthepensionagencies,Chinaisfacedwithmanydifficultiesinsolvingruralold-agecareproblem.Thereexistmuchpressureoftheagedvillagersinboththeirspiritsandlives,whilequiteafewagingpeople’slivesareinar
7、elativeorabsolutestatusofpoverty.It’snowonderthatthevillageretirementproblemwillbecomeoneofthemostcrucialsocialissuesinthe21stcentury.Thispaperwillanalyzethegeneralsituation,disclosesomeprominentproblemsoftheruralold-agesysteminChinanowadays,andthusinducesev
8、eralmainmodesofnursingtheaged.ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity,ShanxiProvinceistakenasanexampletotalkaboutthepresentstatusandexistingproblemsofruralold-agecare,exploremainreasonsfo