常用临床医学术语

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1、.常用临床医学术语diseases疾病acutediseases急性病advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronicdiseases慢性病communicablediseases传染病complicatingdiseases并发病congenitaldiseases先天性疾病acquireddiseases后天性疾病contagiousdiseases接触性传染病endemicdiseases地方病epidemicdiseases流行病functionaldiseases机能病、官能病infectiousdiseases传染病inhe

2、riteddiseases遗传病malignantdiseases恶性病nutritionaldiseases营养病occupationdiseases职业病organicdiseases器质性病paroxysmaldiseases阵发性病periodicaldiseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondarydiseases继发病sexual(venereal,social)diseases性病terminaldiseases绝症wastingdiseases消耗性疾病chiefcomplaint

3、主诉clinicalmanifestation临床表现deliveryhistory分娩史etiology病因学familyhistory家族史history,medicalhistory病史precipitating(induced)诱因maritalstatus婚姻状况menstrualhistory月经史menarche初潮menopause闭经pasthistory既往史pathogenesis发病机制personalhistory个人史symptoms症状cardinalsymptom主要症状classicalsymptom典型症状conco

4、mitantsymptom伴发症状constitutional(systemic)symptom全身症状indirectsymptom间接症状inducedsymptom诱发症状localsymptom局部症状mentalsymptom精神症状symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent前驱征assident(accessory)副征commemorative后遗症signofdeath死征diagnostic诊断征signofdisease病征subjective自觉征，主观征vei

5、nsign静脉征vitalsign生命体征bodylength(heightofthebody)身高bodyweight体重barrelchest桶状胸cachexia恶病质compulsiveposition被动体位criticalfacies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion睑内翻exophthalmos眼球突出flushedface面色潮红gain(loss)inweight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸nasalalaflap鼻翼扇动nystagmus眼震obes

6、ity肥胖pallor苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility,weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness,vertigo眩晕lassitude,fatigue无力，倦怠malaise不适nightsweat盗汗numbness麻木rigor,chill寒冷，发冷perspiration,sweating出汗pruritus,itching痒，somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感abscess脓肿acidosis酸中毒adhesion粘连alkalosis碱中毒allergy

7、过敏coagulationdefect凝血不良congestion充血dehydration脱水distention膨胀edema水肿embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽hematoma血肿hemorrhage,bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock休克response反应，应答reaction反应，

8、感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡fever,pyrexia发烧，发热c