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1、专题Unit4Earthquakes3GrammarWritingGrammar:定语从句(I)关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句在整个句子中担任定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。1.关系词关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which,as(句子中缺主要成分:主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语时)。关系副词:when,where,why(句子中缺次要成分:状语时)。2.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导定语从句,代替先行词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。(1
2、)who,whom,that指代人,who,that在从句中可作主语、宾语;whom在从句中作宾语。☛Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是你想要见的那个人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)☛Heisthemanwho/whom/thatIsawyesterday.他是昨天我见到的那个人。(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物,只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换。☛Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.他们冲过去帮助那个车出故障
3、的人。☛Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen/thecoverofwhichisgreen.请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。(3)which,that指代物,在从句中可作主语、宾语。☛Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语,可省略)(4)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。☛Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?他是想要见你的那个人吗?-1
4、7-3.只能用that不能用which的情况(1)先行词是everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much等不定代词时。☛Heneverreadanythingthatwasnotworthreading.他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery等词修饰时。☛I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。☛Itist
5、hefirstAmericanfilmofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。(4)先行词由人和物共同组成时。☛Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就。4.关系代词as和which的用法区别(1)as一般放在句首或句中,which置于句中。(2)as可引导非限制性定语从句,常常有"正如"之意;which可以表主从句之间的因果关系。☛Asweknow,smokingisharmfu
6、ltoone’shealth.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。☛Hewasalwayslate,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.他总是迟到,这让他的老师非常生气。Achild_________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.which B.whose C.where D.with【答案】B-17-Ⅰ.从表格中选出合适的关系代词填空whichwhomthatwhosewhoas1.Thisisthemountainvillage____________Ivisitedlastyear.2.I’llneverf
7、orgetthedays____________Ispentinthecountryside.3.Theengineerwith____________myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.4.Isthereanyoneinyourclass____________familyisinthecountry?5.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons____________theyrememberedintheschool.6.Theletterisfrommysister,____________isworki