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1、《遗传与进化》经典知识背诵篇（Recitationoftheclassicknowledgeofgeneticsandevolution）RecitationoftheclassicknowledgeofgeneticsandevolutionFirst,theapplicationofMendel'sgeneticlawBasicstrategy:Keepinmindtherelevantcircumstancesofthealleles,twoortwopairsofthesplitmethod1,theexplicitandimpl
2、icitjudgmentmethod(P-F-parents,offspring,Xhybridization,selfing,x,male?Female,malefemale)KnownconditionsExplicitandimplicitjudgmentParentalassemblage(phenotype)ProgenyphenotypeDominantcharacterRecessivecharacterAtraitXBtraitOnlyonetraitoffspringappearednailBNailtrait,X,na
3、iltraitOffspringoftwotraitsofaandBnailBAtrait:Bcharacter=3:1nailB2.AllelestatusJustpush:knowncombinatorialreasoningalloffspringParentalcombinationOffspringgenotypeProgenyphenotypeHomozygoteprobabilityHeterozygoteprobabilityRemarksDDXDDDDFulldisplayOneZeroFordifferentexpre
4、ssions:probability,genotype,phenotype,andallshouldbeclearDDXDdDDDdFulldisplay1/21/2DDXDDDdFulldisplayZeroOneDDXDDDDFullimplicitOneZeroDdXDDDdDDExplicit:hidden=1:11/21/2DdXDdDD2DDDDExplicit:hidden=3:11/21/2Inverseinference:knownoffspringofparentalcombinationProgenyphenotyp
5、eParentalcombinationRemarksFulldisplayDDXTheremustbeadominanthomozygoteintheparentsFullimplicitDDXDDParentcombinationonlyExplicit:hidden=1:1DdXDDKey.Explicit:hidden=3:1DdXDd3,twoortwopairsormore,whichistoremove,andmultiply.Suchas:TheproblemofgametetypeExample:thegenotypeo
6、fabiologicalmaleisAaBbcc,andthethreepairsofgenesareindependentinheritance:AaBbCCDowndowndown2x2x1=4TheproblemofgenotypetypeExample:hybridAaBbCcandAaBBCc,thenumberofgenotypesintheoffspring?Theproblemisfirstdecomposedintoaseparationlaw:Therewere3genotypesofAa*Aatooffspring(
7、1AA:2Aa:1AA);Thereare2kindsofgenotypesofBb*BB(1BB:1Bb),offspring;Therewere3genotypesofCc*Cctooffspring(1CC:2Cc:1cc).TheAaBbCcandAaBBCchybrid,3x2x3=18genotypesoftheoffspring.TheproblemofphenotypetypeExample:hybridAaBbCcandAabbCc,therearemanykindsofphenotypeoftheiroffspring
8、?Theproblemisfirstdecomposedintoaseparationlaw:Thereare2phenotypesintheoffspringofAa*Aa;Thereare
