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ID:12923968
大小:50.50 KB
页数:16页
时间:2018-07-19
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1、GettingEnoughSleep?DreamonIseighthours'sleepenoughtoeveryone?Haveyoueverheardof"sleepdebt?"Thefollowingarticlewarnsusoftheconsequencesofsleepdeprivationandsuggestswaystoworkoffsleepdebt.八小时的睡眠是不是对每个人都充裕?你听说过“睡眠债”吗?下面这篇文章提醒我们睡眠不足的后果,建议我们如何偿还睡眠债。Ioncehadapat
2、ientwhowassosleep-deprivedthatsheloadedherdirtydishesintotheclothesdryerinsteadofthedishwasher.Sheturnedonthemachine,smashingchinaandglasses.我曾经有过一位病人,她由于睡眠严重不足,竟把脏碟子放进了干衣机,而不是放进洗碗机里面。她扭开干衣机的开关,哗啦啦,瓷器和玻璃器皿撞成了碎片。Anotherpatientwenttogreatlengthstoobtaina50-y
3、ard-linetickettoacrucialSanFrancisco49ersplay-offgame,butwassosleepythathedozedoffinhisseatinthefirstquarterandstayedasleepuntilthegamewasover.还有一位病人费了九牛二虎之力才弄到一张五十码线门票,观看旧金山49淘金人协会举行的一场至为关键的加时赛,但他实在太疲倦了,头一段比赛就在座位上睡着了,一直睡到比赛结束才醒。Onaneverydaylevel,sleepypeo
4、plemakematherrors,breakthingsandbecomecrosswiththeirfamilies,friendsandco-workers.Lesscommonly,theymakemistakeswithtragicconsequences.Itishardtoprovehowmanyfatalcaraccidentsarecausedbythedriver'sfallingasleep,butmyconvictionisthatthenumberishigh.Laboratory
5、experimentshaveconfirmedthatthesleep-deprivedmindisproneto"microsleeps"-lapsesofconsciousnesssobriefthatthesubjectmaynotevenbeawareofthem.几乎每天,打瞌睡的人会犯数学错误,打坏东西,或向家人、朋友和同事发火。瞌睡者因犯错而导致可悲后果的情况并不常见。很难证实,有多少起致命的车祸是由于驾驶员瞌睡引起的,但是,我相信,这个数目一定不小。实验室的试验已经证实,缺少睡眠的大脑很容
6、易进入“短暂的昏睡”——阵发性的意识丧失,这种意识丧失的时间短得甚至连当事人都可能意识不到。InoneexperimentinourlaboratoryatStanfordUniversity,avolunteerwhohadonlybeenallowedfourhours'sleepthenightbeforehadhiseyelidstapedopen(uncomfortable,butitdoesn'thurt).Hewasaskedtopressabuttoneverytimeanirregular
7、strobelightflashed.Forafewminuteshetappedtheswitchaftereachflash,onaverageeverysixseconds.Thenabrightflashsurgedintohispupils-buthedidnothing.在斯坦福大学实验室进行的一项实验中,只让一名自愿者前一天晚上睡四个小时,然后把他的眼睑固定,让他睁着眼睛,(这样做虽不舒服,但并无损害)。按照要求,每当频闪闪光灯无规律地闪光之时,他必须揿下一个按钮。最初几分钟,每闪一次他揿一下
8、按钮,平均每六秒钟一次。而后,一道强光照入他的眼球——但是,他一动没动。"Whydidn'tyoupresstheswitchjustnow?"weasked."Becausetherewasnoflash,"theyoungmanreplied.Themachinesweusedtomonitorbrainactivityshowedthatattheverymomentthelighthadflashed,t
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