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1、外文文献翻译原文：AccountingforNonmonetaryExchangesBusinessesusenonmonetaryexchangesforavarietyofreasons.Theserangefromroutinetrade-insofoldequipmenttosophisticatedexchangesofrealestate.InDecember2004,FASBissuedSFAS153,ExchangesofNonmonetaryAssets,anAmendmentofAPBOpinionNo.29,whichpreservesthefun
2、damentalprinciplethattheaccountingfornonmonetarytransactionsshouldbebasedonthefairvaluesoftheassetsexchanged.Accordingly,anonmonetaryassetreceivedinareciprocalexchangeshouldberecordedusingthefairvalueoftheassetrelinquished,orthevalueoftheassetreceivedifitismoreclearlyevident.Since1973,AP
3、BO29,AccountingforNonmonetaryTransactions,permittedanexceptiontothisfairvalueprincipleforexchangesinvolving"similarproductiveassets."Suchexchangesweregenerallymeasuredandrecognizedbyreferencetothebookvalueoftheassetsrelinquished.SFAS153eliminatesthatexception,butintroducesanewexceptionfo
4、rexchangesthatlack"commercialsubstance."(APBO29alsoaddressedothertypesofnonmonetarytransactions,including"nonreciprocal"transferswithowners--e.g.,dividendsin-kind;orotherparties--e.g.,in-kindcharitablecontributions.ThesetransactionswerenotimpactedbySFAS153.)Thisstandardwasissuedaspartoft
5、heshort-termconvergenceprojectwiththeInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB).Infact,FASBlargelyadoptedtherevisionspreviouslymadetoIAS16,Property,PlantandEquipment.ImplementingSFAS153requiresanunderstandingoftheterm"commercialsubstance"andhowthisconceptintroducesauniqueelementofsubjec
6、tivitytotheaccountingfornonmonetarytransactions.GiventhelackofimplementationguidanceinSFAS153,specificillustrationsareprovidedbelowandcontrastedwithpriorpractice.TheauthorsbelievethatSFAS153notonlypresentsanumberofinterestingandchallengingissues,italsointroduceselementsofprofessionaljudg
7、mentthatarelikelytorecurinfuturestandards.UnderlyingConceptsandChangesinPracticeUnderAPBO29(para.3c),an"exchange"wasdefinedasareciprocaltransferwherebyanentityacceptsanassetorservice(orsatisfiesaliability)byrelinquishinganotherasset,providingaservice,orincurringanotherobl
