宏观经济学原理习题答案

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1、Chapter1/TenPrinciplesofEconomics❖6271TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSWHAT’SNEWINTHESEVENTHEDITION:Thereisanadditionalexampleaboutmarginalbenefitsandmarginalcosts.LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:Bytheendofthischapter,studentsshouldunderstand:Øthateconomicsisabouttheallocationofscarcereso

2、urces.Øthatindividualsfacetrade-offs.Øthemeaningofopportunitycost.Øhowtousemarginalreasoningwhenmakingdecisions.Øhowincentivesaffectpeople’sbehavior.Øwhytradeamongpeopleornationscanbegoodforeveryone.Øwhymarketsareagood,butnotperfect,waytoallocateresources.Øwhatdeterm

3、inessometrendsintheoveralleconomy.CONTEXTANDPURPOSE:Chapter1isthefirstchapterinathree-chaptersectionthatservesastheintroductiontothetext.Chapter1introducestenfundamentalprinciplesonwhichthestudyofeconomicsisbased.Inabroadsense,therestofthetextisanelaborationonthesete

4、nprinciples.Chapter2willdevelophoweconomistsapproachproblemswhileChapter3willexplainhowindividualsandcountriesgainfromtrade.ThepurposeofChapter1istolayoutteneconomicprinciplesthatwillserveasbuildingblocksfortherestofthetext.Thetenprinciplescanbegroupedintothreecatego

5、ries:howpeoplemakedecisions,howpeopleinteract,andhowtheeconomyworksasawhole.Throughoutthetext,referenceswillbemaderepeatedlytothesetenprinciples.©2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorin

6、part.Chapter1/TenPrinciplesofEconomics❖627KEYPOINTS:·Thefundamentallessonsaboutindividualdecisionmakingarethatpeoplefacetrade-offsamongalternativegoals,thatthecostofanyactionismeasuredintermsofforgoneopportunities,thatrationalpeoplemakedecisionsbycomparingmarginalcos

7、tsandmarginalbenefits,andthatpeoplechangetheirbehaviorinresponsetotheincentivestheyface.·Thefundamentallessonsaboutinteractionsamongpeoplearethattradeandinterdependencecanbemutuallybeneficial,thatmarketsareusuallyagoodwayofcoordinatingeconomicactivityamongpeople,andt

8、hatthegovernmentcanpotentiallyimprovemarketoutcomesbyremedyingamarketfailureorbypromotinggreatereconomicequality.·Thefundamentalles