资源描述：
《2012吉大新视野英语(二)练习题a》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、新视野英语（二）练习题AⅠ.VocabularyⅡ.ReadingComprehensionPassage1Economicliberalismwastheprevailingeconomicphilosophyinmuchofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,andtheU.S.economydevelopedwithinitsframework.Economicliberalismpromotedfreedomofactionfortheindividual
2、andthefirmthroughthedoctrinesoffreetrade,self-interest,privateproperty,laissez-faire,andcompetition.Accordingtohisphilosophy,individualswerefreetoseektheirownoccupations,toenteranybusiness,andtoactastheysawfittoimprovetheireconomicwelfare.Economicsocietywa
3、sheldtogetherbyself-interest.Self-interestwasthusthemotivationforceoftheeconomy.Forexample,toincreasepersonaleconomicwelfare,anindividualmightdecidetoproducegoodsandsellthemforprofit.Butinsodoing,thatindividualautomaticallybenefitedthecommunityaswell—bypur
4、chasingrawmaterials,providingemployment,andsupplyinggoodsorservices.Aworkerseekingtoincreasehiorherwagescoulddosobyincreasingproductivity.This,too,benefitedtheemployerandthecommunityingeneral.AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledb
5、yaninvisiblehandtopromotethewelfareofthewholecommunity.Competitionwastheregulatoroftheeconomyundereconomicliberalism.Businesscompetedwithoneanotherforconsumertradebydevelopingnewandbetterproductsandbysellingexistingproductsatlowerprices.Freeentryintothemar
6、ketensuredadequatecompetition,andpricesweredeterminedbythefreeforcesofsupplyanddemand.Competitiveforcedeterminednotonlythepricesofgoodsandservicesbutalsowagerates.Sinceabeneficialself-interestwasthemotivatinganddrivingforceoftheeconomyandsincecompetitionwa
7、stoserveastheregulatoroftheeconomy,apolicyoflaissez-faireprevailed.Accordingtothispolicy,thegovernmentkeptitshandsofftheeconomicactivitiesofindividualsandbusinesses.Itseconomicrolewasstrictlytoprotectprivateproperty,toenforcecontracts,andtoactasajudgeineco
8、nomicdisputes.21.Concerning“economicliberalism”,whichofthefollowingistrue?A Itwasaninfluentialphilosophyinthe19thand20thcenturies.B ThedevelopmentoftheU.S.asanationowesmuchtothisphilosophy.C Itisabou
