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1、齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文）摘要换热器是进行热交换操作的工艺设备。广泛应用于化工、石油、石油化工、电力、轻工、原子能、造船、航空、供热等工业部门中。特别是在石油的炼制和化学加工装置中，占有非常重要的地位。固定管板式换热器的管束连接在管板上，管板与换热器壳体焊接。其结构设计简单、制造方便、能承受较高压力、造价低；但材料的利用率不高；本设计严格按照要求，主要对固定管板式换热器进行工艺计算，结构设计和强度计算，采用的方法分别为：根据两流体的温度变化情况和物料性质，选择换热器类型；再根据物料操作条件，估算换热器的传热面积，然后求出总传热系数K，核算传热面积；按照GB
2、150-1998，分别对换热器的各个部分结构进行选择、设计；严格按照GB151-1999，分别对封头、筒体、管板法兰进行强度计算和校核。然后再结合石油、化工、制药、食品等行业实际而进行优化设计，解决了换热器设计中多目标之间相互矛盾的问题，以及提高材料的利用率，增强换热效果，节省了材料。本换热器适用性强，用途广泛，具有非常广阔的发展前景。关键词：换热器；管板；筒体；折流板；工艺计算；结构设计；强度计算42齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文）AbstractHeatexchangerforheatexchangeoperationisacommonprocessequi
3、pment.Widelyusedinchemical,petroleum,petrochemical,power,lightindustry,metallurgy,nuclear,shipbuilding,aviation,heatingandotherindustrialsectors.Particularlyintheoilrefiningandchemicalprocessingunit,occupiesanextremelyimportantposition.Fixedtubeplateheatexchangertubesconnectedtothe
4、tubesheet,tubesheetandshellwelding.Itssimplestructure,convenience,abletowithstandhighpressure,lowcost;butthematerialutilizationisnothigh;designedinstrictaccordancewiththerequirementsofthestandardGB151-1999,mainlyonthefixedtubeheatexchangerforprocesscalculation,structuraldesignandst
5、rengthcalculations,themethodsusedwere:two-fluidtemperaturechangesaccordingtocircumstancesandnatureofthematerials,selectthetypeofheatexchanger;accordingtotheoperatingconditionsofthematerial,estimatetheheattransferarea,andthenfindtheoverallheattransfercoefficientK,accountingforheattr
6、ansferarea;accordingtoGB150-1998,wereallpartofthestructureoftheheatexchangerselectionanddesign;instrictaccordancewithGB151-1999,respectively,onthehead,cylinder,pipeflangeforstrengthcalculationandchecking.Thencombinetheoil,chemical,pharmaceutical,foodandotherindustriestooptimizethed
7、esignofpracticalandsolvemulti-objectivedesignofheatexchangerbetweentheconflictingissues,andimprovematerialutilization,enhancedheattransfereffect,savingsinmaterials.Theheatexchangerapplicability,versatility,andhasbroadprospectsfordevelopment.Keywords:heatexchanger;bundle;tubeplate;h
8、ead;cylinder;flange;proces
