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1、技术性贸易壁垒的数理分析QuantifyingtheImpactofTechnicalBarrierstoTradeAFrameworkforAnalysisKeithE.Maskus??JohnS.Wilson**TsunehiroOtsuki***Abstract:Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofthepolicydebateandmethodologicalissuessurroundingproductstandardsandtechnicalbarrierstotr
2、ade.Therehasbeenarisinguseoftechnicalregulationsasinstrumentsofcommercialpolicyinunilateral,regional,andglobaltradecontexts.Thesenon-tariffbarriersareofparticularconcerntodevelopingcountries,whichmaybearadditionalcostsinmeetingsuchmandatorystandards.Web
3、eginwithareviewofthepolicycontextdrivingdemandforempiricalanalysisofstandardsintrade.Wethenprovideananalyticaloverviewoftheroleofstandardsandtheirrelationshiptotrade.Wereviewmethodologicalapproachesthathavebeenusedtoanalyzestandards.Themaininterestliesi
4、nadvancingtechniquesthatarepracticalandmaybefruitfullyextendedtotheempiricalanalysisofregulationsandtrade.Thecontributionofthepaperistodiscussasetofconcretestepsthatcouldbetakentomoveforwardapolicy-relevantandpracticalresearchprogramofempiricalwork.Such
5、stepswouldinclude(1)administeringfirm-levelsurveysindevelopingcountries,(2)devisingmethodsforassessingthetraderestrictivenessofstandards,and(3)establishingeconometricapproachesthatcouldbeappliedtosurveyandmicrodataforunderstandingtheroleofstandardsinexp
6、orts.??DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder,CampusBox256,BoulderColorado80309-0256,andWorldBank,email:Keith.Maskus@colorado.edu.**DevelopmentResearchGroup,WorldBank,1818HStreet,NW,Washington,D.C.20433,email:jswilson@worldbank.org.***Devel
7、opmentResearchGroup,WorldBank,1818HStreet,NW,Washington,D.C.20433,email:totsuki@worldbank.org.SummaryTherehasbeenarisinguseoftechnicalregulationsasinstrumentsofcommercialpolicyinunilateral,regional,andglobaltradecontextsduringthepastdecade.Debateoverthe
8、impactofdomesticregulationandstandardsimposedattheborderhasbeenmostevidentindiscussionabouthoworwhethertoaddresstheseissuesinatradepolicycontext,includingtheroleoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Disputessuchasthoseovertheimportati