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1、BritainintheTwoWorldWarsBritainandFirstWorldWarBritainandtheSecondWorldWarThePostWarBritainTheRivalrybetweenBritainandGermany1)NavalRivalryIn1898theGermanyKaiserannouncedthatheintendedtodeveloptheGermanynavy.BritainwasafraidthatGermanynavywouldbeabletocompeteonneatequalterms,sointhe
2、yearbeforethewarthereappearedanavalraceasbothsidestriedtooutbuildtheother.2)ColonialRivalryTheKaiserenviedBritainandFrancetheirhugeempires.HethoughtthatthetimewascomingforGermanytohaveits“placeinthesun”.ThisworriedBritainbecauseanygainsGermanymadecouldwillbeatBritain’sexpense.损失3)Ec
3、onomicRivalryBy1914Germanyhadbeenproducingmoreiron,steel,coalandevenmorecars.Britain’seconomicleadwasgone.TwoMilitaryBlocsThereweretwoseparateEuropeanalliances:Austria,Germany,ItalywereintheTripleAlliancein1882.In1894,RussiaandFrancesignedtheirDualAlliance.In1907Britainreachedanagre
4、ementwithRussia,andalliedherselfwithFranceandRussia.TheTripleEntentewasformed.causesthefundamentalcause:RedividingtheworldcoloniesamongtheEuropeanimperialistpowers.thedirectcause:On28June1914,theAustriaprince,heirtotheAustrianthrone,wenttoinspecttroopsinSarajevoandwaskilled.processA
5、ustria,backedbyGermany,usedthisasanexcusefordeclaringwaronSerbia塞尔维亚.RussiasupportedSerbia.GermanydeclaredwaronRussiaandFrance.WhenGermanyinvadedBelgium,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanonAgu.41914.Becauseofinatreatysignedin1839,BritainhadagreedtodefendBelgium’sneutrality.In1917,theUnitedS
6、tatesjoinedtheAllies.Thewarlastedfouryears.GermanysurrendedinNovember1918,andthesideofEntentewonthevictory.BombdamageinNorthLondonconsequencesThewarwasover,butitwasadisaster.Itclaimedthelivesof2,700,000menanddisfiguredtwiceasmanyagain.Britainborrowed1,000milliondollarsfromUSandthism
7、adeBritainbecomeadebtornation.soLondonwasconsequentlyreplacedbyNewYorkastheworld’leadingbankingcenter.InJanuary1919,representativesfrom27nationsgatheredinParistodecidethefateofthedefeatednations.Thetalkwasdominatedbythe“Bigthree”:theUnitedStates,France,Britain.AtthePeaceConference,B
8、ritaingotmostofwhat
