岩土工程专业英语小词典

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1、岩土工程专业英语小词典一.综合类foundationengineering基础工程geotechnicalengineering岩土工程numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学soildynamics土动力学soilmechanics土力学soil,earth土stresspath应力路径二.土的分类clayeysilt粘质粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土frozensoil冻土loess黄土peat泥炭residualsoil残积土sandysilt砂质粉土saturatedsoil饱和土

2、siltyclay粉质粘土siltysand粉土silt粉土softclay软粘土unsaturatedsoil非饱和土zonalsoil区域性土三.土的基本物理力学性质compactness密实度degreeofsaturation饱和度density密度dryunitweight干重度effectiveunitweight有效重度maximumdrydensity最大干密度moistunitweight湿重度optimumwatercontent最优含水量saturatedunitweight饱和重度四.渗透性和渗流coefficientofpermeabili

3、ty渗透系数Darcy’slaw达西定律flownet流网hydraulicgradient水力梯度leakage渗流permeability渗透性seepageforce渗透力seepagepressure渗透压力seepage渗透（流）五.地基应力和变形asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体bearingcapacity承载力casing套管clayfraction粘粒粒组concentratedload集中荷载contactstress(pressure)接触应力（压力）deformation变形effectivestress有效应力

4、fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度foundationdesign基础设计homogeneous均质isotropic各向同性liveload活载long-termtransientload长期荷载lowactivity低活性reducedload折算荷载sensitivity灵敏度settlement沉降soilmass土体squarespreadfooting方形独立基础stripfooting条基totalstress总应力triaxialtest三轴试验underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层（土）六.基坑开

5、挖与降水bracedcuts支撑围护bracedexcavation支撑开挖bracedsheeting支撑挡板bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护deepwellpoint深井点dewateringmethod降低地下水位法dewatering（基坑）降水excavation开挖（挖方）failureoffoundation基坑失稳pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布retainingwall挡土墙vacuumwellpoint真空井点wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）七.深基础--deepfoundationbe

6、lledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础boredpile钻孔桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩pilefoundation桩基础pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩rammedbulbpile夯扩桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩steelp

7、ile钢桩under-reamedboredpier八.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoilallowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力criticaledgepressure临塑荷载generalshearfailure整体剪切破化localshearfailure局部剪切破坏punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态ultimatebearingc