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ID:12753152
大小:228.00 KB
页数:26页
时间:2018-07-18
《土木工程专业外语分句翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Civilengineering,theoldestoftheengineeringspecialties,istheplanning,design,construction,andmanagementofthebuiltenvironment.Thisenvironmentincludesallstructuresbuiltaccordingtoscientificprinciples,fromirrigationanddrainagesystemstorocket-launchingfacilities.土木工程,最老的工程专业,是建
2、筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。Civilengineersbuildroads,bridges,tunnels,dams,harbors,powerplants,waterandsewagesystems,hospitals,schools,masstransit,andotherpublicfacilitiesessentialtomodernsocietyandlargepopulationconcentrations.土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港
3、口、发电站、水系统和污水系统,医院、学校、公共交通系统,以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。Theyalsobuildprivatelyownedfacilitiessuchasairports,railroads,pipelines,skyscrapers,andotherlargestructuresdesignedforindustrial,commercial,orresidentialuse.他们也修建私人拥有的设施,如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦,和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。Inaddition,
4、civilengineersplan,design,andbuildcompletecitiesandtowns,andmorerecentlyhavebeenplanninganddesigningspaceplatformstohouseself-containedcommunities.此外,土木工程师规划、设计和修建整个城市和乡镇,最近已经开始规划和设计空间站以容纳独立的(科研)团体。ThewordcivilderivesfromtheLatinforcitizen.“土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。In1782
5、,EnglishmanJohnSmeatonusedthetermtodifferentiatehisnonmilitaryengineeringworkfromthatofthemilitaryengineerswhopredominatedatthetime.1782年,英国人JohnSmeaton用这个术语来区分他的非军事工程项目和当时占统治地位的军事工程师的工程项目。Sincethen,thetermcivilengineeringhasoftenbeenusedtorefertoengineerswhobuildpublicfa
6、cilities,althoughthefieldismuchbroader.从那以后,土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公共设施的工程师们,尽管这个领域比以前更广。Becauseitissobroad,civilengineeringissubdividedintoanumberoftechnicalspecialties.因为土木工程的范围太广,所以它被细分为许多技术专业。Dependingonthetypeofproject,theskillsofmanykindsofcivilengineerspecialistsmaybene
7、eded.根据工程的类型,就需要土木工程师专家的各种技能。Whenaprojectbegins,thesiteissurveyedandmappedbycivilengineerswholocateutilityplacement--water,sewer,andpowerlines.当一项工程开始时,土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图,他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。Geotechnicalspecialistsperformsoilexperimentstodetermineiftheearthcanbeartheweightof
8、theproject.岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受这项工程的重量。Environmentalspecialistsstudytheproject’simpactontheloc
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