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1、1.首先关系代词which在定语从句指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语,既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。1. 1. 引导限制性定语从句 E.g: A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 1.2. 引导非限制性定语从句。 ( 1 )用来指代一个句子。 E.g:Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因
2、特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发生。 ( 2 )用来指代句子的一部分。 E.g:When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 ( 3 )如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句,第二个 which 前要加 and. E.g:He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give
3、to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书,他决定送给朋友。2.which和that在定语从句中的区别2.1使用that的情况:1)当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。E.g:Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2)当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。E.g:Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。E.g
4、:ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时E.g:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5)当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.E.g:Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6)如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另
5、一个宜用that.E.g:Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7)在therebe句型中,只用that.E.g:Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8)当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。E.g:ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9)当先行词又有人又有物时。E.g:Iwon’tf
6、orgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.2.2只能使用which的情况:1)非限制性定语从句中。E.g:Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2)在介词之后。E.g:Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。E.g:ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.1.定语从句中as和which的区别3.1as引导的定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评
7、论。具有下列特点:1)as用于引导定语从句时,具有“正如……、像……、由……而知”等语义。如:E.g:Hewasstronglyagainsttheplan,ascouldbeexpected.正如所料,他强烈反对这项计划。2)as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致,而which可不一定,如果语义不一致,则要用which来替代as。如:E.g:Hemarriedagain,as(which)wasnatural.他又结婚了,这是自然的。3)as引导的定语从句,其先行词可由以下词来修饰,thesame/such/as等
8、。也可以由which来改写,但不可直接替换。E.g:Thisisthesamesumaswasspentinthatyearonprivatemotoring.=Thisisthesumwhichwasspentinthatyearonprivatemotoring.这与那年用于私人汽车所花的费用相同。4)as引导的