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1、环境与生态:LESSON1:环境与环境工程Totheenvironmentalengineer,thewordenvironmentmaytakeonglobaldimensions(维面积尺度),mayrefertoaverylocalized(局部化地方化)areainwhichaspecificproblemmustbeaddressed(致辞谈到),ormay,inthecaseofcontainedenvironments,refertoasmallvolumeofliquid,gaseous(气的),orso
2、lidmaterialswithinatreatment-plant(处理厂)reactor(反应器).┃Theglobalenvironmentconsistsoftheatmosphere(大气圈),thehydrosphere(水圈),thelithosphere(岩石圈)inwhichthelife-sustaining(供养)resourcesoftheeartharecontained.┃Thebiosphere(生物圈),athinshellthatencapsulates(密封加浓)theearth,is
3、madeupoftheatmosphereandlithosphereadjacent(接近的临近的)tothesurfaceoftheearth,togetherwiththehydrosphereandthelifeformsofearth.┃Life-sustainingmaterialsingaseous,liquid,andsolidformsarecycledthoughthebiosphere,providingsustenancetoalllivingorganisms(生物).Life-sustaini
4、ngresources(air,food,water)arewithdrawnfromthebiosphere.Itisalsointothebiospherethatwasteproductsingaseous,liquidandsolidformsaredischarged(排放).┃Environmentengineeringhasbeendefinedasthebranchofengineeringthatisconcernedwith(关心)protectingtheenvironmentfromthepote
5、ntial(潜在的),deleterious(有害的)effectsofhumanactivity,protectinghumanpopulationsfromtheeffectofadverseenvironmentalfactors,andimprovingenvironmentalqualityforhumanhealthandwell-being(幸福福利).┃Humansinteractwiththeirenvironment(sometimesadverselyimpactingtheenvironmenta
6、ndsometimesbeingadverselyimpactedbypollutantsintheenvironment.Anunderstandingofthenatureoftheenvironmentandofhumaninteractionwithitisanecessaryprerequisite(前提)tounderstandingtheworkfortheenvironmentalengineering.Adverse(a.不利的反对的)metamorphosis(n.变化)interflow(n.v.补
7、给流通)mantle(n.v.披风覆盖物)withdraw(v.退回提取)assimilate(v.同化吸收)disperse(v.消散)dilute(v.扩大稀释)debris(n.残骸)alteration(n.变更)erode(v.侵蚀腐蚀)contained(封闭的包含的)evolve(进化)LESSON2:生态学Thescienceofecologydefines(定义)”ecosystems”asgroupsoforganismswhichinteractwitheachotherandthephysical
8、environment,andwhichaffectthepopulationofthevariousspeciesintheenvironment.┃Someecosystemsarefragile(脆弱的),whileothersateresilient(能恢复的)andabletowithstand(承受)ev
