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1、年产16万吨甲醇精馏工段设计摘要甲醇作为一种用途广泛的有机化工产品,醇还能与有机酸、无机酸、氨、苯、一氧化碳、乙炔、金属钠、苯胺等作用。即可发生氧化反应、氨化反应、酯化反应、羰基化反应、卤化反应等多种化学反应,甲醇生产越来越受到重视。仔细研究工艺设计任务书,明确设计任务后,查阅相关资料,选择了甲醇精馏的工艺流程。对工艺流程中的主塔进行工艺计算,即回流比及塔板数的计算、精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算、塔板的主要工艺尺寸的计算、流体力学验算、绘制塔板负荷性能图,最后需要编写设计说明书,并绘制主塔设备图。通过物料衡算,得出了主要的物料流量及塔温;对工
2、艺结构进行设计,实际塔板数为20块,每层塔板高度为0.40m,总的塔高数为19.14m,塔径为3.2m;接着进行了流体力学验算,并绘制了操作性能图,结果表明计算符合要求;然后对主要接管和辅助设备根据要求进行了选择;其次对设计结果进行了列表;最后绘制了精馏塔设备图。通过这次设计,进一步的巩固了化工原理课程中的相关知识,且学会了对化工设备的设计,为今后从事化工打下了一定的基础。关键词:甲醇;精馏;工艺设计TheProcessDesignofSectionAnnualOutputof16TonsofMethanolDistillationAbs
3、tract:Methanolasaversatileorganicchemicalproducts,alcoholandalsoorganicacids,inorganicacids,ammonia,benzene,carbonmonoxide,acetylene,metallicsodium,anilineandsoon.Oxidationreactioncanoccur,variouschemicalreactionsamination,esterificationreaction,carbonizationreaction,halo
4、genationsreaction,methanolproductionmoreandmoreattention.Carefulstudyoftheprocessdesigntaskbook,cleardesigntask,accesstorelevantinformation,selectthemethanoldistillationprocess.Themaintowerontheprocessforprocesscalculations,namelyrefluxratiocalculationandplatenumber,recti
5、fyingcolumntowerbodysizecalculationprocess,plateofthemaintechnicalsizecalculation,fluidchecking,drawingtrayloadperformancechartFinally,youneedtowritedesignspecifications,anddrawthemaintowermap.Wecanobtaintheflowofthemainmaterialofthetowerbythemeansofcalculatingofmateriala
6、ndheat.Whenwedesigntheprocessstructure,weshoulduse20piecesoftowerplate,whichhasitsstandards:theheightofeachlayeris0.40m,theheightis19.14m,thetowerdiameteris3.2m;thenweshouldcarryonthefluidmchanicscalculation,anddrawtheperformancechart,andfinallywewillfindthecalculationmee
7、tstherequirements;thenextstepsareasfollowing,firstly,havingaselectionaccordingtotherequirementsofmainpipeandaccessoryequipment,Secondly,listingthedesignresults,finally,drawingtherectificationtowerequipmentWecanfurtherstrengthentherelevantknowledgeofchemicalprinciplescours
8、esafterthisdesign,andwecanlearnthedesignofchemicalequipment,andthenlayacertainfoundationintheche