electrolysis powerpoint：电解powerpoint

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1、ELECTROLYSISModuleC2Splittingupioniccompounds(F)MoltencompoundsIonicsolutions&dischargerulesQ=ItandOILRIGBrineandpurifyingcopper+-+-+-+-+-+-++-Cl-IONNa+IONSPLITTINGUPIONICCOMPOUNDS1Ioniccompounds(egsodiumchloride)aremadefrom:POSTIVEIONS(atomswhichLOSTnegativeelectrons)NEGATIVEIONS(atom

2、swhichGAINEDnegativeelectrons)AstheseionshaveOPPOSITECHARGEStheyattracteachotherstronglytoformIONICBONDSSPLITTINGUPIONICCOMPOUNDS22waystosplituptheions:-++-+--++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-MELT+--++--+-+DISSOLVEH2O800°C20°CSEPARATINGTHEIONS1+_Batterypullselectronsoffoneelectrodeandpushesthemonto

3、theotherMetalELECTRODEELECTRONThisISSHORTOFelectronssobecomesPOSITIVELYCHARGED“ANODE”ThisHASEXTRAelectronssobecomesNEGATIVELYCHARGED“CATHODE”++-+-+--+--++-+MOLTENIONICCOMPOUND+ANODE-CATHODEWhenthebatteryisswitchedon,the+IONSmovetothe–CATHODEthe–IONSmovetothe+ANODESEPARATINGTHEIONS2This

4、givesawaytoSPLITUPIONICCOMPOUNDS:“ELECTROLYSIS”Example1:SplittingupMOLTENSODIUMCHLORIDE(salt)+Cl-Cl-Cl-Cl-ClClClCl-=chlorideION,extra1electronCl-ClchlorineATOM,NEUTRALClClCl2molecule-chlorideIONSlosetheirextraelectronsandturnintoneutralchlorineATOMSAtANODE:Cl-e-+Clthen:Cl+ClCl2(gas)Bot

5、htogether:2Cl-→2e-+Cl2Na+Example1:SplittingupMOLTENSODIUMCHLORIDE(salt)+AtCATHODE:Na++e-NaNa+Na+Na+NaNaNaNa=sodiumION,missing1electronsodiumATOM,NEUTRALNa++Na+sodiumIONSgainanextraelectronandturnintoneutralsodiumATOMSmoltensodiummetalsinkstobottomExample1:SplittingupMOLTENSODIUMCHLORID

6、E(salt)MOLTENSODIUMCHLORIDE+ANODE-CATHODECHLORINEgasCl2SODIUMmetalNaAtANODE:Cl-e-+ClAtCATHODE:Na++e-NaCl+ClCl2(gas)ELECTRONSCl-Na+Example2:SplittingupMOLTENLEADBROMIDEPbBr2MOLTENLEADBROMIDE+ANODE-CATHODEBROMINEgasBr2LEADMetalPbAtANODE:Br-e-+BrAtCATHODE:Pb2++2e-PbBr+BrBr2(gas)ELECTRONSB

7、r-Pb2+Bothtogether:2Br-→2e-+Br2Whathappenswhentheioniccompoundsaredissolvedinwater?Here,watermoleculesbreakupintoHYDROGENIONS,H+andHYDROXIDEIONSOH-H2OH++OH-So,inanionicsolution(egsodiumchloridesolution),therewillbeFOURtypesofionpresent:TWOfromtheioniccompoundandTWOfromthewater(H++OH