grammar限制性定语从句

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1、Grammar限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词when,where,why。which和that在从句中都可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。which指物，that可指人或物。Cornisausefulplantwhich/thatcanbeeatenbybothpeopleandanimals.(指物，作主语)Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere？(指人，作主语，不可省略who和whom指人，在从句

2、中分别作主语、宾语。作宾语时常被省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。①TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(作主语)②Theman(whom/who)youmetyesterdayismycousin.(作宾语)whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，指物时可用ofwhich取代。Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从

3、句中作地点状语。ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedasachild.when指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语。ThiswasatimewhentherewerestillslavesintheUSA.why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。That'sthereasonwhyshespoke.先行词表示时间、地点时，关系词不总是用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，就不能用where和when，而要用which或t

4、hat。①Iwon'tforgetthetimethatwespentinthecountryside.②ThisisthehousewhichIboughtlastyear.用that不用which的情况当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.当先词有thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰时。①That'

5、stheonlythingthatwecandonow.②Thisistheverybook(that)Iwant.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.当先行词为theway,thetime,theperiod等时，常用that，但通常被省略①Idon'tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.②Itwasthetimethatourcompanywa

6、ssetup.“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常见的结构如下：介词＋which，在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。①I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(＝when)Ifirstmetyou.②Thefactoryinwhich(＝where)Iworkisalargeone.③Thisisthereasonforwhich(＝why)hewasputinprison.介词＋which(

7、指物)/whom(指人)，在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓须倒置。Theyarrivedatafarmhouseinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.不定代词或数词＋of＋which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分。Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.介词＋which/whom，这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制制约。①Couldyoutellmeforwhomyou'veboughtthisc

8、oat？②Therearevarietiesofwaysinwhichwecansolvethisproblem.③Hereisthemoneywithwhichwecanbuyapiano.名词＋ofwhich，代替whose＋名词，在定语从句中作定语Hementionedabook,thetitleofwhich(＝whosetitle)I'veforgotten.“介词＋关系代词”关系代词不可用that或who，而要用which,whom或whose。①Plea