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1、lUnit1NounsandNounPhrasesl1.1kindsofnounslwordformation构词法:Simple简单名词,compound复合名词andderivativenouns派生名词llexicalmeaning词汇意义:Proper专有名词andcommonnouns普通名词¡Propernouns专有名词:France,Madrid,Tom¡Commonnouns普通名词分为四大类：l1.collectivenoun集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。eg:family,team,cattle,policel2.individualnoun个体
2、名词：表示单个的人或事物。eg.boy,house,tiger,insectl3.abstractnouns抽象名词：表示抽象的概念。eg:glory,honesty,failure,educationl4.materialnoun物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。eg:water,air,bread,ricelandgrammaticalform语法意义:Countablenouns,uncountablenounsandnounsthatcanbecountableanduncountablel1.2functionofnounsl1.Thesubjectofverb:T
3、omarrived.l2.作补语¡Thecomplementofthesubjectbe,become,seem:Tomisanactor.¡Thecomplementoftheobjectcall:WecallherMissWangl3.作宾语¡Theobjectofaverb:IsawTom.¡Theobjectofapreposition:IspoketoTom.l4.作同位语:Thesmalldesksandchairsareforusstudents.l5.Anouncanalsobeinthepossessivecase:Tom’sbooks.l6.称呼语Hele
4、n,openthedoor.l7.作副词Shewaslatethreetimesthisweek.l2.NumberofNouns(名词的数)l英语可数名词有单数(singular)和复数(plural)两种形式,表示一个人或事物用单数形式,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化,如:apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。l名词复数形式有着规则的(Regularplurals)与不规则的(Irregularplurals)变化形式，以及复合名词(compoundnouns)特殊的变化形式。l2.1Regularp
5、luralsl1.Thepluralofanounusuallybyadding–stothesingular:day-days,dog-dogs,house-houses“-s”ispronounced/s/afterap,korfsound.Otherwiseitispronounced/z/.When-sisplacedafter-ce,-ge,-se,or-zeanextrasyllable(/IZ/)isaddedtothespokenword.l2.Nounsendingin–o,–s,-ch,-sh,-ss,or-xformtheirpluralbyadding
6、-es:tomato-tomatoes,brush-brushes,box-boxes,church-churches,class-classeslwhenesisplacedafter-ch,-sh,-ssor--xanextrasyllable(/IZ/)isaddedtothespokenword.Andafter–o,-esispronounced/Z/.lNotes:8l1.如果词尾的ch发k音，要加-s,e.g.monarch君主,stomach,patriarch族长,epochl2.但是有些以字母o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式只加-s，如果o前面的是元音字母
7、，也只加-s。e.g.:alto男高音，folio对开纸,cuckoo,radio,bambool3.Nounsendinginyfollowingaconsonant（辅音）formtheirpluralbydroppingthe-yandadding-ies:baby-babies,country-countries,lady-ladies,fly-flies(例外:stand-bys)lNounsendinginyfollowingavowel（元音）formtheirpluralbyadding
