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1、重点知识补充：构词法英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。一、派生法在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法。词缀分为前缀和后缀。（一）后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1.构成名词的常用后缀有：（1）-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ian,-ese,-ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。如:writer,translator,trainee,employee,
2、scientist,physicist,musician,physician,Italian,Asian,Chinese,assistant等。（2）-ance,-ence,-(a)tion,-sion,-al,-ing,-ity,-ment,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。如：acceptance,assistance,dependence,confidence,repetition,preparation,discussion,division,arrival,survival,
3、approval,disapproval,building,reality,simplicity,ability,rapidity,regularity,argument,warmth,length,growth,safety,leadership,failure,pressure,friendship等。（3）其他名词后缀：-hood,-ness,-ology,-phy。如：childhood,neighborhood（附近，街坊）,motherhood（母性，母亲身份）,kindness,happiness,sadness,b
4、iology,psychology,philosophy,geography2.构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-y,-ant,-ent,-ary,-en等。如：available,suitable,responsible,natural,national,powerful,helpful,faithful,successful,fearless,useless,helpless,selfless,selfish,childish,
5、decisive,famous,continuous,African,American,European,scientific,historic,friendly,lively,thirsty,noisy,pleasant,dependent,consistent（一贯的）,imaginary,golden,wooden等。3.构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise/ize,-en,-ify等。如：modernize,realize,widen,strengthen,beautify,modify（修饰）等。4.构成副词的后缀有：-ly,
6、-ward(s),-wise。例如：completely,rarely,truly,simply,backward(s),forward(s),clockwise,likewise同样地（二）前缀1.表示相反意义的前缀有：un-,dis,-in,-im,-ir,-il,-de等。如：unhappy,unreasonable,uncomfortable,uncover（揭露）,unload（卸货）,dislike（注意比较unlike）,dishonest,disagree,informal,inaccurate,inactive,
7、imbalanced,impossible,immobile,irregular,irresponsible,illegal,illogical,devalue（贬值）等。2.表示其他意思的前缀有：anti-:表示"反"，"反对"antisocial反社会的anto-:表示"自己的"autobiography自传bi-:表示"二"bicycle自行车；bilingual双语的bio-:表示"生物的"biology生物学；biochemical生化的co-:表示"共同"cooperate合作；co-existence共存，共处cou
8、nter-:表示"相反"，"反对"counterattack反击de-:表示"除去"，表示否定decompose分解；defrost除霜en-:表示"使"，"使处于……状态"enable,enrich,enlarge,endangerinter-:
