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2010高考英语易错题总汇(附详解)基础题,人人会做,显不出优势;高难题,人人不会做,拉不开距离;陷阱题,表面看起来很容易,所需知识也不一定很难,但其中隐含机关,预设陷阱,尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力,但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等,可能自认为捡了个大便宜,而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你就看看下面几道题:1.Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_______hesaidmeant.A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat仔细想想看,选A还是选B?请给出你的决定——未作决定之前请不要往后看!你的分析可能是这样的:选项C和D不太可能是正确答案,因为像这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况一般不可能。在A和B两个选项中,选项A肯定不行,因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分,所以只能选B了。事实是:如果你选A,肯定错了;如果你选B,那也错了。此题最佳答案是D,其中第一个what用作动词meant的宾语,第二个what用作动词said的宾语,即在noneofusunderstoodwhatwhathesaidmeant中,noneofusunderstood为主句,whatwhathesaidmeant为宾语从句,而在此宾语从句中又包括有whathesaid这样一个主语从句。假若去掉句末的meant,则答案就是B了。分析有道理吗?有点启发吗?你可要客观地评价噢!请再看一题:2.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it这次可要想好!请拿定主意,选C还是选D?未作决定之前请不要往后看!你的分析可能是这样的:此题既不选C,也不选D,而是选A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语it。2事实上,你又错了。此题的最佳答案是C:第一空填形式主语,真正的主语是其后的不定式toplaywithfire;而第二空应填what,whatisdifficult是主语从句,注意whatisdifficult后的谓语动词is。有点收获吧,再请做做以下类似试题:(1)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but_______isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.148 A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it(2)Yes,______isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but_____ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it答案选什么,估计你不会选错了,你若还不放心,请往本书后面有关去找找,那里有明确的答案。对此有兴趣吗?那就再看一题吧!3.Let’smakeitatseveno’clockonTuesdaymorningatmyofficeif________.A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou先仔细想好,看选项A和C哪个更佳,当然也可能A和C都不对,答案在B、D当中。不过,主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C,因为你可能将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为ifyouareconvenient或ifyoufeelconvenient了。其实最佳答案是B,因为英语中的convenient不是表示“感到方便的”,而是表示“使人感到方便的”,所以beconvenient的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”,英语通常ifitisconvenientfor[to]you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with。顺便说一句,偶尔也可见到用人或物作beconvenient的主语,但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点:句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,如:MaryisconvenienttoseeonSunday./ItisconvenienttoseeMaryonSunday.星期天去见玛丽较为方便。Thefurnitureisconvenienttomove./Itisconvenienttomovethefurniture.这家具搬起来很方便。怎么样,再看最后一题:4.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what此题该选哪个答案?你可能毫不犹豫地选了B,是吗?你的想法很可能是:around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。对不起,还是错了。最佳答案应是C。你的分析并不算太错,但问题是,照你的分析,此句的意思便是:有没有这样一家医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C148 的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?类似的例子我们就不再罗列了,您若对此有兴趣,您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱,您若觉得这些知识对您还有必要,请继续往下读,后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。当然,您若对此没有兴趣,或者您已是这方面的高手,建议您最好别看了,耽误了您不少时间,实在抱歉!冠词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“Doyouknow______Englishfor‘帅哥’?”“I’mafraidIdon’t.I’mnotinterestedin_______Englishlanguage.”A.the,theB.the,不填C.不填,theD.不填,不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中,表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如:(1)当语言名词表特指意义,其前可用定冠词。如:TheEnglishspokeninAmericaandCanadaisalittledifferentfromthatspokeninEngland.美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。(2)当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时,其前要用定冠词。如:What’stheEnglishforthis?这个东西用英语怎么说?(3)当在语言名词后加上language一词时,也要用冠词。如:TherehavebeenmanychangesinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.英语发展过程中有很多变革。2.Icouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butIknewitwas______Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat______church.A.a,theB.a,不填C.不填,aD.不填,不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为星期名词前不加冠词;而atchurch表示在教堂里做礼拜,其中也不用冠词。148 【分析】最佳答案为B。确实,在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词,但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的,如表示特指,其前可用定冠词;表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等,其前可用不定冠词。如:HecameontheSundayandwentawayontheMonday.他星期日来,星期一就走了。MybirthdayhappenedtobeonaSaturday.我的生日碰巧是星期六。3.Whichpersondoyoureferto,theonewith______longhairortheonewith_______longbeard?A.a,aB.不填,不填C.a,不填D.不填,a【陷阱】误选A或B,认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多,要么都可数,要么都不可数,或者说要么都用不定冠词,要么都不用。【分析】最佳答案选D。hair和beard在用法上并不完全相同:hair可用作可数或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如说There’sahairinmysoup(我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词(集合名词)时,则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较:Hehasgrayhairs.他有几根白发了。Hehasgrayhair.他满头白发了。而beard则通常只用作可数名词,且指的是一个人所有的胡须,而不是指一根胡须,它的复数形式,通常是指多个人的胡须,而不是指多根胡须,如:Henolongerwearsabeard.他不再留胡须。Notallmengrowbeards.并不是所有的男人都留胡须。4.Ioncewatched_______one-actplay,whichwasplayedby_______11-year-oldboy.A.a,aB.an,anC.a,anD.an,a【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填a,因为one-act的读音是[wQnAkt],它的第一个音是辅音不是元音;第二空填an,是因为11的英文是eleven[i5levn],它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是C不是其他:(1)Beforehewasarrested,hehadtaken_______one-monthholiday,andstayedinthecountrywith________18-year-oldgirl,oneofhisstudents.A.a,aB.an,anC.a,anD.an,a(2)Wehired_______one-eyedmantoplayinourfilm,andwegavehim_______100-poundcheckforjustoneminute.A.a,anB.an,a148 C.a,aD.an,an5.“Haveyouseen_____pen?Ileftitherethismorning.”“Isit_____blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.”A.a,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,a【陷阱】误选A,生搬硬套冠词用法规则:第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词,第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a,比较好理解;而第二空填a是因为此句中的one并非指前面提到的pen,即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物,这从后面一句的IthinkIsawitsomewhere可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题:“Haveyouseen_____pen?Ileftitherethismorning.”“Isit_____blackone?Ifounditinthecorner.”A.a,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,a此题的最佳答案是A不是C。请注意其后Ifounditinthecorner这一信息,它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子:“Haveyouseen_______newbike?Iputitherejustnow.”“Isit_______whiteone?Aboyhasriddenitaway.”A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a此题答案选A,注意其后的Aboyhasriddenitaway表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。6.MyfriendMaryis_____beautifulgirland_____girleveryonelikestoworkwith.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the【陷阱】很容易误选B,认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词,第二次提到就应该用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的,此句实为一省略句,补充完整为MyfriendMaryisabeautifulgirlandsheisagirleveryonelikestoworkwith.请再做以下试题(答案选A):(1)Jimis_______braveboyand_______boyneverfearinganything.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the(2)Itisreally_______usefuldictionaryand_______dictionaryeveryoneofusneeds.A.a,aB.a,the148 C.the,aD.the,the◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Sincetastingtheexcitementof_____bigcitylife,sheneverwantstolivein_____countryagain.A.the,theB.不填,不填C.the,不填D.不填,the2.Theoperationis_____successandthepatientisnowoutof_____danger.A.a,theB.a,不填C.不填,theD.不填,不填3.As_____writer,hewas_____completefailure.A.a,aB.a,theC.不填,不填D.a,不填4.Howstrange!Theseyearsmybirthdayalwaysfalls_____.A.ontheSundayB.onaSundayC.onSundayD.ataSunday5.Thisis_____bestkindof_____penyoucangethere.A.the,theB.the,aC.the,不填D.a,the6.Asisknowntousall,_____tigerisin_____dangerofbecomingextinct.A.the,aB.the,不填C.a,不填D.不填,the7.Hespenttoomuchtimetalkingon______phonewhilewewereallbusyat_____work.A.the,不填B.a,不填C.不填,不填D.the,the8.As_______unemploymentisveryhighatthemoment,it’sverydifficultforpeopletofind_______work.A.the,不填B.不填,不填C.the,aD.an,the9.Apartmentsincitiescanbequitehigh.Rentersarepayingupto$1,000permonthfor_______bedroomapartment.A.oneaB.theoneC.oneD.aone10.Theeducationof______youngisalways______hotandserioustopic.A.不填,不填B.the,a148 C.不填,theD.the,不填11.IoftenhaveconversationswithJohnover______telephone,whilekeepintouchwithTomby______letter.A.不填;theB.不填;aC.the;不填D.the;a12.—Johnhasputforward_______mostchallengingquestionforustoanswer.—Yes,itreallyis.Ihaveneverheard_______harderone.A.the;不填B.不填;theC.the;theD.a;a13.“Whatabout______school?”“Itisasgood,asanybodycansee,_____schoolasNo1MiddleSchoolAttachedtoHunanNormalUniversity.”A.a;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;the14.Themarketfor______usedcomputersisgettinglargerandlargeras______yearsgoon.A.不填,不填B.the,不填C.the,theD.不填,the15.“CharleyOakley,______NBAAll-star,hasn’tmissed______gameinthepastthreeyears.”“Icanhardlybelieveit.”A.an;theB.a;theC.the;aD.an;a16.Inthemarket,vegetablesaresoldby_______kilogram,Imean,by_______weight.A.the;不填B.不填;不填C.the;theD.不填;the17.Manypeopleagreethat______knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_______internationaltradetoday.A.the,anB.a,不填C.the,theD.不填,the18.Thecakesaredelicious.I’dliketohave_______thirdoneas_______secondoneIatewastoosmall.A.the,theB.a,theC.the,aD.a,a19.________Englandofthoseyearswas_______Englandinpeace.A.不填,不填B.The,anC.The,不填D.不填,an148 20.—Didyouhappentosee_______blackand_______whitecat?—Aretheymissing?Itoldyoutotakecareofthem.A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;the【答案与解析】1.选D,bigcitylife表泛指,其前不用冠词;country表示“农村”时,其前习惯上要用定冠词。2.选B,success在此指“成功的事”,为可数名词;outofdanger(脱离危险)为习语,其中不用冠词。3.选A,其中的failure在此指“失败的人”,为可数名词。4.选B,Sunday前用不定冠词,表示“某一个”。5.选C,kindof后的名词通常不用冠词。6.选B,当概括事物的种类时,用定冠词,不用不定冠词;另外indangerof是短语,不用冠词。7.选A。onthephone和atwork均为习语,其中一个带冠词,一个不带冠词。8.选B。unemployment和work均为不可数名词,表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。9.选D。aonebedroomapartment意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。10.选B。theyoung意为“年轻人”,定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物;第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic。11.选A。over[on]thetelephone为习语,意为“通过电话”;若用bytelephone则不用冠词,类似地,byletter(通过信件)也不用冠词。12.选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级,而是表示“很”、“十分”,故其前用a;第二空也填a,该句为Ihaveneverheardaharderonethanthisone的省略。13.选B。第一空填the,表特指;第二空填a,表泛指,asgoodaschoolasNo.MiddleSchoolAttachedtoHunanNormalUniversity意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。14.选A。usedcomputers与years均为复数名词表示泛指意思,其前不用冠词。15.选D。NBA中的N读音为[en],即前面一个音为元音,故填an不填a;第二空填a表泛指,泛指任何一场比赛。16.选A。介词by表示“以…计”时,若后接单数可数名词,其前要用定冠词,如:bytheweek按周,按星期/bytheton按吨/bytheyard按码/bythemeter按米;若后接抽象名词,则通常不用冠词,如:byvolume按体积/byweight按重量。17.选B。knowledge虽为不可数名词,但其前却可用不定冠词,表示某种程度的知识,有类似some的意思;第二空不填冠词,是因为trade为不可数名词,表示泛指时不用冠词。148 18.选B。序数词前通常用定冠词,表示特指(如第一空);有时也用不定冠词,表示原有数量上的增加(如第一空)。19.选B。原则上说,专有名词前不用冠词,但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词,表特指,即指“那时的英国”;第二空填不定冠词,表示具有某种特征。20.选C。Aretheymissing?中的代词they是一个很重要的信息词,它表明上文中的_______blackand_______whitecat是两只猫而不是一只猫,所以C。theblackandwhitecat可视为theblackcatandthewhitecat之省略。若选A,则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。名词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Ifoundhersittinginthecorner,reading_____newspaper,with_____inhereyes.A.a,tearB.apieceof,tearsC.a,tearsD.apieceof,tear【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news(消息)和paper(纸)均为不可数名词,那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。Hereyesfilledwithtears.她热泪盈眶。Shedriedhertearswithahandkerchief.她用手帕擦干了眼泪。Thenewspaperswerefulloflies.报纸上一片谎言。Anewspaperisapublication.报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句,若不是将newspaper当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:Wrapitin(asheetof)newspaper.把它用张报纸包起来。2.Herfatherworksasa______inahotelandhermothera______inaprivatecompany.A.cooker,typewriterB.cook,typistC.cooker,typistD.cook,typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以cooker应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type用作动词,表示“打字”,所以typewriter应表示“打字员”。148 【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。3.“Whycouldn’ttheymeetusatfiveo’clock?”“Becausetheyweredelayedby________.”A.heavytraffic B.heavytrafficsC.crowdedtrafficD.crowdedtraffics【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B和D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded来修饰traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavytraffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A:Sheisnotacompetentdriverandcan’tcopewithdrivingin_______.A.heavytraffic B.heavytrafficsC.crowdedtrafficD.crowdedtraffics4.Infact,_______onecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB.cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesare【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。【陷阱】其实,正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:Forthismanycattlewerekilled.为此宰了不少牲畜。Theprisonerswereherdedlikecattle.囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:Thepoultryhavebeenfed.家禽已经喂过饲料了。InBritainpolicedonotusuallycarryguns.在英国警察通常不带枪。Itannoysmewhenpeopleforgettosay“thankyou”.遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。5.Byall_______,youmusttryevery_______tohelphim.A.mean,meanB.means,meansC.means,meanD.mean,means【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用means,而第二空前有every修饰,故用mean。148 【分析】其实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C,byallmeans为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句,means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.每种可能的办法都已经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如:Is[Are]thereanyothermeansofgettingmoremoney?还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?6.Jimis______person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe______withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokinda,friendD.soakind,friend【陷阱】误选C或D。认为friend要用单数。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。sokindaperson相当于suchakindperson,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。befriendswith是习语,意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有makefriendswith。值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如:Heisfriendswithme.他与我是朋友。Hehasmadefriendswitheveryonehere.他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7.Wealreadyhave______pencils,butweneedtwo______pens.A.dozenof,dozenB.dozensof,dozensC.dozensof,dozenD.dozensof,dozenof【陷阱】误选B。【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂,大致原则是:(1)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有twodozenof这样的用例,但这已属过时用法,在考试中应避免,如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为twodozenof为错误选项:Shortlyaftertheaccident,_____policeweresenttothespottokeeporder.A.dozensofB.dozensC.dozenofD.dozen[D](2)当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词of,此时可将dozensof(许多,几十)视为习语。如:I’vebeentheredozensoftimes.我去过那儿几十次。She’sgotdozensofboy-friends.她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况:148 Packthemindozens.按打装袋吧。(3)当与afew,several等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但需注意:不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词of不能省略。如:severaldozen(of)pencils=severaldozensofpencils几打铅笔注:英语较少使用manydozen的说法,要表示类似意思可用dozensof。(4)当它后面的名词受the,these,those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。如:twodozenoftheseeggs两打这种鸡蛋threedozenofthem它们中的3打注:score,hundred,thousand,million等也具有以上类似用法。8.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsas_____forsilence.A.anideaB.amarkC.asignD.aword【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】应选C,sign与mark的区别是:sign的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gestureormovementmadewiththehand,head,etc,usedtogiveinformation,acommand,etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等),mark的意思是writtenorprintedsymbolorfigure,lineetcmadeassignoranindicationofsth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地,下面两题的答案也是C:(1)Thoseblackcloudsareasure_____thatit’sgoingtorain.A.thingB.markC.signD.one(2)JustasafamousChinesesayinggoes,atimelyheavysnowisa______ofgoodharvestnextyear.A.markB.trackC.signD.appearance但是,下面一题却不能选sign,也不能选mark,而选symbol(象征):Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_____ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol顺便说一句,在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现,同学们需引起注意。9.“MayItakeyourordernow?”“We’dlikethreeblack_______andtwogreen_______.”A.coffee,cupsofteasB.coffees,teas148 C.cupsofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas【陷阱】误选C,认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词,不能后加复数词尾-s,从而排除选项A、B、D。【分析】选B。有的同学认为coffee和tea是物质名词,不可数,不能用threecoffees,twoteas这样的表达。其实,coffee既可用作不可数名词,表示“咖啡”这种物质,也可用作可数名词,表示“一杯咖啡”,即在口语中threecoffees就等于threecupsofcoffee。同样,“三杯茶”既可说成threecupsoftea,也可说成threeteas;“三杯啤酒”既可说成threeglassesofbeer,也可说成threebeers。10._____isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.WalkB.WalkingC.ThewalkD.Towalk【陷阱】容易误选A或D。【分析】最佳答案为B。分析如下:(1)首先,选项D不如选项B佳,因为,不定式通常表示特定的动作,而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2)尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”,但它是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的散步,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”,要表示此义,要用动名词walking。比较:Howaboutgoingforawalk?出去散散步如何?Walkingdoesgoodtoyourhealth.散步对你的健康有益。类似地,dance和dancing以及swim和swimming的区别也是一样:(1)名词的dance表示“跳舞”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词dancing。比较:Let’shaveadance.我们跳曲舞吧。Heisinterestedindancing.他对跳舞感兴趣。(2)名词的swim表示“游泳”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的游泳,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词swimming。比较:Shehadaswimeveryday.她每天游一会儿泳。Shelovesswimming.她喜欢游泳。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad_______.A.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehair148 C.somewhitehairD.morefiftyhair2.—Hi,thisway,please.—OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof______whenIarriveatthecrossroad.A.positionB.directionC.situationD.condition3.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst________.A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire4.Ididn’thavetoworkallweekend—Ididitby_______.A.chanceB.choiceC.accidentD.myself5.“Didyouget_____totheparty?”“Yes,Irepliedtoitthismorning.”A.ananswerB.aninvitationC.aquestionD.aletter6.Ipaidhim£50forthepainting,butitstrue______mustbeatleast£500.A.priceB.moneyC.valueD.importance7.HisletterwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeany______ofit.A.explanationB.meaningC.senseD.guess8.You’vejustmissedyour______,andyouwillhavetowaitforthenextround.A.chanceB.turnC.timeD.part9.—LiLinisverybrightandstudieshardaswell.—It’sno______healwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.questionB.doubtC.problemD.wonder10.—HowcanIusethiswashingmachine?—Well,justrefertothe_______.A.explanationsB.expressionsC.introductionsD.directions11.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.A.roomsnumberB.roomnumber148 C.room’snumbersD.roomnumbers12.—Hello,I’dliketospeaktoHenry.—Oh,which_______?Therearetwo______inouroffice.A.Henrys,Henrys B.Henries,HenriesC.Henry,Henrys D.Henrys,Henries13.Electricity,likeotherformsof______,hasgreatlyincreasedinpriceinrecentyears.A.pressureB.forceC.strengthD.energy14.Inordertolearnthe_______ofthefamilybusiness,Billtookajobasmessengerboyinoneoftheoffices.A.insandoutsB.dosanddon’tsC.headsandtailsD.t’sandi’s15.—I’vegotan“A”intheexamination.—That’sagood______.Youwillsurelywinasecond.A.resultB.newsC.startD.idea【答案与解析】1.选A。hair可用作可数或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如说There’sahairinmysoup(我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词时,则是整体地指一个人的头发。2.选B。需根据句意来分析。havenosenseofdirection意为“没有方向感”。3.选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt在此表示“尝试”。4.选B,由于上文说didn’thavetowork,所以下文相应的语境应是diditbychoice。类似地,下面一题应选D,也是因为choice与下文的havetodoit相呼应:Wereyougivena_____,ordidyouhavetodoit?A.jobB.dutyC.requestD.choice5.选B。注意其后的totheparty和repliedtoit。6.选C。value指“价值”。7.选C。makesenseof意为“明白”、“理解”。比较:makesense意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D:Whathetoldusaboutthesituationsimplydoesn’tmakeany______.A.useB.reasonC.valueD.sense148 8.选B。missone’sturn电为“错过机会”,注意下文的…havetowaitforthenextround所表示的语境。9.选D。it’snowonder(+that从句)的意思是“难怪”,也可说成Nowonder(+that从句)。10.选D。directions的意思是“使用说明”,空格前的referto意为“查看”、“参考”。11.选D。room为无生命名词,不用room’s这样的所有格形式,在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地,下面一题要选B,也是一样的道理(名词作定语通常用单数不用复数):Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.A.shoesshopB.shoeshopC.shoes’sshopD.shoe’s12.选C。在通常情况下,专有名词具有“独一无二”性,因此它通常没有复数形式,即不可数。但是,专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的,随着范围的扩大,这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内,只有一个星期六(Saturday),一个星期日(Sunday)等,但是在一个月中甚至一年中,便有多个星期六,多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说:WehavespentmanyhappySundaysthere.我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是,与一般的名词单数变复数不同,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词,其直接加词尾-s,而不将y改为i。13.选D。从常识来考虑,electricity属于energy,结合全句的语境,只有D最合适。同样地,下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D:(1)Somecountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,andotherformsof______.A.sourceB.materialC.powerD.energy(2)The______hasbecomeextremelytense.Awarcouldbreakoutanytimebetweenthetwosides.A.pollutionB.friendshipC.conditionD.situation14.选A。insandouts意为“细节”,dosanddon’ts意为“注意事项”,headsortails为掷钱币打赌时用语,意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”,p’sandq’s主要用于mindone’sp’sandq’s,意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意,选A最合适。15.选C。从语法上看,news不可选,因为它不可数;从意义上看,D不可选,因为选D意思不通;比较A和C,选C最合适,因为start与下文的asecond相吻合。148 代词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1._____withanycommonsensecantellthedifferencebetweenthetwo.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响:Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.任何人来都欢迎。Whoeverwantsthebookmayhaveit.任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoevergetsthejobwillhavealotofwork.谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。以上三句中whoever引导的均为主语从句,其中的whoever均可换成anyonewho,但是不能换成anyone。以上试题从表面上看,与以上各例很相似,其实它们有本质的不同,即_____withanycommonsense中没有谓语动词,所以我们不能选whoever。此题的正确答案为C,anyone为句子主语,withanycommonsense为修饰anyone的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下,答案选B:_______hasanycommonsensecantellthedifferencebetweenthetwo.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Thedictionaryisreallyuseful.Everyboyandgirl_____itandtheyeach_____tobuyone.A.like,wantB.likes,wantsC.likes,wantD.like,wants【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词,因为其主语是boyandgirl,为复数;第二空填单数动词,因为其前有each,表示“每一个”。【分析】事实上,此题应选C。因为按英语习惯,every后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,即第一空填likes;而第二空要填复数动词want,是因为其前的主语是they而不是each(each为主语的同位语)。3.EveryoneknowsthatCanadaislargerthan_____countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的other不可省略):Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.他是我们班最高的。148 Englishismorewidelyusedininternationalintercoursethananyotherlanguagetoday.现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加other,主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内:若在范围之内,则用other(以排除自己与自己比较);若不在范围之内,则不用other。比较下面一题:Chinaislargerthan_____countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another此题应选B,因为China在Asia的范围之内。假若选A,则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”,而中国本身也是亚洲国家,由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B,则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”,这才合乎事实。4.“Whatdoyouthinkofthem?”“Idon’tknow_____isbetter,soI’vetaken_____ofthem.”A.what,bothB.what,noneC.which,bothC.which,none【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的better一词,由于better用的是比较级,说明比较的对象应是两者,由此可推知第二空应填both;另一方面,由于所谈论的是两者,说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确,所以第一空应填which。5.“Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeoraglassofbeer?”“____willdo,butmilkis_____popularwithme.”A.Neither,notB.Both,moreC.Either,themostD.All,themost【陷阱】很容易误选B,因为前文提到coffee和beer为两者,所以有的同学就认为应选both和more与之对应(more为比较级,指两者比较)。【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的milk既不是coffee也不是beer,而是除这两者外的第三者,故第二空应填themost,即此题最佳答案为C。6.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which此题答案选D,主要与上文的somebookorother(某一本书)这一语境有关,全句句意为:“我在某一本书上读到过它,是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题:(1)“Whotoldyou?”“Oh,somebodyorother,I’veforgotten_____.”A.whatB.whenC.whichD.who148 此题最佳答案为D。句意为:“谁告诉你的?”“噢,有个人,我忘记是哪一个了。”(2)Someofthestudentswerelateforthemeeting,butIcan’tremember_____.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.whom此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了,但我不记得是哪些学生了”。7.Thesetrousersaredirtyandwet—I’llchangeintomy_____.A.anotherB.trousersC.othersD.other【陷阱】容易误选A、B。【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看,another后通常接单数名词,而不接trousers这样的复数名词(若用anotherpair则可以);也不能选trousers是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C,others相当于othertrousers,其中的other与前面的these相对照。8.Herlecturewashardtofollowbecauseshekeptjumpingfromonesubjectto_____.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one…theother…这一常用结构。【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one…theother…时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”;如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在one后使用theother,而考虑用another。又如(答案均选D,即选another):(1)Thosecakeslookdelicious.CouldIhave_____one?A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another(2)Ihavemanysuchnovels.I’llbring_____tomorrow.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another(3)Sayingisonethinganddoingis_____.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another比较以下各例:(1)Shut____eye,Jim.A.anotherB.someotherC.otherD.theother答案选D,因为人的眼睛只有两只,故用one…theother…结构。148 (2)It’ssometimeshardtotellonetwinfrom_____.A.anotherB.someotherC.otherD.theother答案选D,twin意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”,即指两者之一,故用one…theother…这一结构。9.Therearefourbedrooms,______withitsownbathroom.A.allB.eachC.everyD.either此题容易误选A,认为既然前面出现了fourbedrooms,故填all与之对应。其实,此题的最佳答案应为B,原因是空格后的隐藏信息its,它表示空格处应填一个单数代词,但是不能选C,因为every不能这样单独使用。10.“It’ssaidthatheisawiseleader.”“Oh,no,heis_____butawiseleader.”A.anythingB.anyoneC.anybodyD.anywhere【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人,似乎只有B、C才与之一致。【分析】其实,正确答案应选A。因为anythingbut是习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:I’lldoanythingbutthat.我绝不会干那种事。Thepartywasanythingbutasuccess.晚会根本不成功。Herfatherwasanythingbutapoet.她父亲根本不是诗人。Suchamanwasanythingbutahero.那样的人绝不算英雄。11.Tell_______youlike—itmakesnodifferencetome.A.anyoneB.whoC.whoeverD.what【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。【分析】最佳答案选C。但若将A,B两项合起来,即用anyonewho这样的形式则也可以。选C,whoever引导一个宾语从句,用作动词tell的宾语。同样地,请看以下类似试题:(1)_____comesiswelcome.A.AnyoneB.WhoC.AnyonewhoD.Everyone此题很容易误选A,因为从汉语意思来分析,可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”,但若选A,此句的结构是混乱的,句中有两个谓语动词comes和is,但却只是一个句子。此题应选C,anyone是句子主语,whocomes是修饰anyone的定语从句。148 (2)_____comestoseeme,tellhimI’mout.A.AnyoneB.WhoC.WhoeverD.Everyone此题很容易按汉语意思误选A,其实应选C。whoever引导的是让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwho。(3)Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho此题不能选A,假若选A,应在其后加上who,即用anyonewho;也不能选B,一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词shares),二是因为在现代英语中whomever这个词已基本废除(也就是说,在现代英语中whoever既用作主语,也用作宾语,如:Giveittowhoeveryouseeinthemeeting-room.你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁);也不能选D,因为nomatterwho只用于引导让步状语从句,不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C,whoever在此相当于anyonewho。比较下例,答案应选A,而不是B、C或D(注意句意):Itwasamatterof_____wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever12.Theteachertoldusthattheproblemwasnot_____easyandthatweshouldthink_____overcarefully.A.such,itB.that,itC.such,不填D.that,不填【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。【分析】最佳答案选B。第一空填that,that用作副词,相当于so,又如:Isitalwaysthathot?总那么热吗?(其中的thathot可以换成sohot,但不能换成suchhot)Icanonlytellyouthatmuch.我只能告诉你这么多。(其中的thatmuch可以换成somuch,但不能换成suchmuch)注意第一空不能填such,因为such不用作副词,即它不用于修饰形容词。另外,汉语中说“好好想一想”,通常可以不带宾语,但英语中的thinkover是及物动词,如果用它来表示“好好想一想”,应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语,所以本题应用thinkitover,相当于thinktheproblemover。13.Thecameraisn’tgoodenough;Iwanttochange______.A.anotherB.agoodoneC.itwithanotherD.itforanother148 【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的changesth表示的是“换某物”,sth是被换的东西,而changesthforsthelse表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较:ThatcoatwastoolargeandIhadtochangeit.那件外套太大了,我得去换一件。ThatcoatwastoolargeandIhadtochangeitforasmallerone.那件外套太大了,我得去换一件小一点的。14.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing【陷阱】此题容易误选B,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则:something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句。【分析】其实此题应选A,注意前文的Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not与everything构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意”,前后两部分用转折连词but连接,语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子:______likesmoney,butmoneyisnot______.A.Everyone,everythingB.Anyone,anythingC.Someone,nothingD.Nobody,everything最佳答案选A,句意为“大家都喜欢钱,但钱不是万能的”。15.“Isthere______here?”“No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.”A.anybodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobody【陷阱】此题容易误选A。认为这是一般疑问句,要用anybody。【分析】其实此题应选B,主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为:“大家都到齐了吗?”“没有,Bob和Tim两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换,则情形就会有所不同:“Isthere______here?”“Yes,I’mupstairs.Pleasecomeandhelpme.”A.anybodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobody此题的最佳答案应是A,而不是B。请再看一例:“Doyouhave_____athomenow,Mary?”“No,westillhavetogetsomefruitandtea.”A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。”148 16.“Ifyouwantanecklace,I’llbuyoneforyouatonce.”“Oh,no.Anecklaceisnot_____thatIneedmost.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything【陷阱】此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句。【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B,something在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于thething)。同样地,下面几题的最佳答案也是something,而不是anything:(1)It’snot_____thatwewanttotalkabout;let’schangethesubject.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(2)It’snot_____Ienjoy;Idoitpurelyoutofasenseofduty.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(3)Self-controlisnot_____thatcomeswithyourbirth.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(4)Thisisnot_____thatwoulddisturbmeanyway.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything17.Somesayonething,but_____.A.other,anotherB.others,anotherC.others,theotherD.theothers,others【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选B。butothersanother为butotherssayanother之省略。在并列句中,若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词,常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉,以避免重复。如:Onesoldierwaskilledandanotherwounded.有一名士兵被打死,另一名被打伤。(wounded前省略了was)Iworkinafactoryandmybrotheronafarm.我在工厂工作,我弟弟在农场工作。(onafarm前省略了works)148 Myroomisonthesecondfloorandhisonthethird.我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。(onthethird前省略了is)18.Heisahard-workingstudent,_____whowillbesuccessfulinwhatevercareerhechooses.A.thatB.heC.oneD.which【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题答案选C,one相当于astudent。类似地,以下各题也选one,它们分别相当于atable,abreak,aquestion,aMexicancarpet,amoment:(1)Atablemadeofsteelcostsmorethan_______madeofwood.A.oneB.itC.thoseD.which(2)“Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?”“Didn’twejusthave_____?”A.itB.thatC.oneD.this(3)Thequestionis_____ofgreatimportance.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what(4)ShewantsaMexicancarpet,butshecan’taffordtobuy______.A.one B.itC.them D.theone(5)Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Tom’smotheralwaystoldhimnottosmokeagain,but_____didn’thelp.A.heB.itC.whichD.as2.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;_____waswillingtolosethegame.A.eitherB.neitherC.anotherD.theother148 3.Therehepointedto_____lookedlikeastoneandsaidthat’s______youhadtocarryhome.A.that,thatB.what,whatC.which,whatD.as,which4.Iknownothingabouttheaccidentexcept_____Ireadinthepaper.A.thatB.forC.whatD.不填5.Energyis____makesonework.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that6.Don’tgoto_____placeswherethereisnofreshair.A.suchB.soC.thoseD.which7.Theclassroomisalmostempty,whereis_____?A.someoneB.anyoneC.everyoneD.noone8.I’mafraidwecan’thavecoffee;there’s_____left.A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.noany9._____worriesmeis_____we’regoingtopayforallthis.A.It,thatB.That,howC.What,howD.As,that10.Hejustdoes______hepleasesandneverthinksaboutanyoneelse.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how11._____ofyoucomesfirstwillgettheticket.A.WhichB.WhicheverC.WhoD.Whatever12.Hisincomeisdouble_____itwasfiveyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what13.Ifyouwantafriend,you’llfind_____inme.A.oneB.itC.thatD.him148 14.Oh,howbeautifulitis!Ilike_____better.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something15.Doyouknow_______friendsarecomingtoourparty?A.whoseelse’sB.who’selseC.whoseelseD.whoelse’s16._______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Nomatterwho17.Janehopestobecomeafriendof_______sharesherinterests.A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho18.SomefriendstriedtosettlethequarrelbetweenMrandMrsSmithwithouthurtingthefeelingof_______,butfailed.A.noneB.eitherC.allD.neither19.—Herearethebeststylesoftheclothes.Whichonedoyoulike?—_______.TheyarenotsoniceasIexpected.A.NeitherB.AllC.NothingD.None20.MrAscot,headmasteroftheschool,refusedtoaccept______ofthethreesuggestionsmadebytheStudents’Union.A.eitherB.neitherC.anyD.none21.“There’scoffeeandtea;youcanhave_______.”“Thanks.”A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it22.“Whenshallwemeetagain?”“Makeit_______dayyoulike;it’sallthesametome.”A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.some23.“Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.”“Why______?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.”A.himB.heC.ID.me148 【答案与解析】1.选B,it指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词but,所以不能选C。当然,若去掉空格前的but,则可选C。3.选B,因是bothteams,即谈论的是两者,因此可锁定A和B;从语境上看,应选B,即双方都不愿输。3.选B。即两空均填what,第一个what相当于somethingthat;第二个what相当于thethingthat。4.选C,what在句中用作动词read的宾语。5.选A,what相当于somethingthat。6.选C,但容易误选A。按英语习惯,受such修饰的名词后跟定语从句时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是as,而不能是that,which,who,where等。如:Suchwomenasknewhimthoughthewascharming.认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的as就不能换成that或who,若要使用that或who,则需将such换掉,如说成ThosewomenwhoknewTomthoughthewascharming.7.选C,句意为“教室几乎是空的,大家都到哪里去了?”8.选B,nothing指“什么也没有”;none指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注:回答howmuch和howmany时要用none,而不用nothing,道理同此。9.选C,whatworriesme为主语从句,且what在主语从句中用作主语。10.选B。从句意推知。11.选B最佳,因 who后通常不接表示范围的of短语,故不宜选C;若选A,则句型不对;若选D,则语义不通。12.选D,what相当于theamountthat。13.选A,one在此相当于afriend。14.选C,Ilikenothingbetter相当于It’sthebestthingIlike。15.选D。else可放在who,what,where,how,why等疑问词之后,但习惯上不放在which之后,而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后,遇此情况可用whoelse’s,如:Whoelse’sfaultcoulditbe?这会是其他什么人的错吗?但是,若其后不修饰名词,有时也可用whoseelse。如:Whoseelsecoulditbe?这会是其他什么人的吗?16.选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever在此相当于anyonewho。17.选C。whoeversharesherinterests用作介词of的宾语,同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。148 18.选B。由于句中谈到的是MrandMrsSmith,即谈的是两者,故排除选项A和C,因为none和all均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without,故空格处填either,不用neither。19.选D。none可视为Ilikenoneofthem之省略。从下文的语境看,空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B;虽然A、C、D均表否定意义,但neither与前面的best(既然使用最高级,说明有三者或多者在作比较)不吻合;而nothing表示“什么也没有”,不合语境。20.选C。none和neither表否定,与句中的refusedtoacept这一语境不符。在either与any两个选项中,either指两者,与句中的threesuggestions不符。故只能选any,指三者中的任意一个。21.选A。比较四个选项:either指两者中的“任意一个”,each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,one用来替代“a/an+单数可数名词”,it替代“the+单数名词”。22.选B。根据下文的it’sallthesametome(对我都一样)可知,选any最合语境。23.选D。Whyme?可视为Whydoyouaskmetogoandjoin?之省略。另外,me还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如:Metoo.(我也一样。)it的用法考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it【陷阱】很容易误选B,认为两空均考查形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是D,第一空填形式主语,真正的主语是其后的不定式toplaywithfire。第二空填what,whatisdifficult是主语从句,注意whatisdifficult后的谓语动词is。请做以下类似试题:(1)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but_______isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it(2)Yes,______isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but_____ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.148 A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it2.Idislike_______whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorthinkpoorlyofmebehind.A.thatB.thoseC.itD.them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是C,因为在通常情况下,like是及物动词,其后应有宾语(句中it即为其宾语)。句中的when从句不是宾语从句,而是时间状语从句,其中的when的意思是“当……的时候”。其实,也有的词典将Idon’tlikeitwhen(if)…作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多,主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的动词。Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.她不喜欢你迟到。Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.他讨厌别人用他的自行车。请做以下类似试题(答案均选it):(1)Ihate_______ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.A.thatB.thoseC.itD.them(2)I’dprefer_______ifIdidn’thavetogetupearlyonSundays.A.thatB.suchC.itD.which(3)Iwouldappreciate_______verymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you3.I’venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn’taskwho_______was.A.heB.thatC.sheD.it【陷阱】容易误选A或C。【分析】最佳答案是D。it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人,则不宜用it。比较:(1)MrSmithisatthedoor._______wantstoseeyou.(2)Someoneisatthedoor.________mustbeMrSmith.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That第(1)题选A,因为来者身份明确;第(2)选B,因为来者身份不明确。148 4.“Excuseme,Iwanttohavemywatchfixed,butIcan’tfindarepairshop.”“Iknow________nearby.Comeon,I’llshowyou.”A.oneB.itC.someD.that【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案是A。it和one的区别可简单地概括为:it=the+名词,one=a+名词。如:Ihaven’tgotanypens,andIwanttoborrowone.我没有钢笔,我想借一支。(one=apen)Ihavetwopens,andIcanlendonetoyou.我有两本支钢笔,我可以借一支。(one=apen)Ihaveapen,andIcanlendittoyou.我有一本钢笔,我可以把它借给你。(it=thepen)在上面一题中,one相当于one相当于arepairshop。请做下面一题(答案选A):ThereisonlyoneEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinthatbook-shop.Iwonderifyoustillwanttobuy_______.A.itB.oneC.anotherD.any5.Willyouseeto_______thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?A.itB.meC.yourselfD.them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是A。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。seeto意为“负责”、“注意”,其中的to为介词,不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句,遇此情况可借助代词it。请做下面两题,答案也是选it:(1)I’llseeto_______thatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.A.itB.meC.whichD.them(2)Willyouseeto_______thattheluggageisbroughtbackassoonaspossible?A.meB.yourselfC.itD.them类似以上seeto用法的短语还有dependon,answerfor等。如下面两题答案也选it:(1)Youmaydependon_______thathewillturnupintime.A.itB.meC.whichD.them(2)Ican’tanswerfor________thattheboyishonest.A.itB.me148 C.whichD.them◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Whyshouldn’tIbuyanewcoat—Ihaven’tbought_____forfiveyears.A.itB.thatC.oneD.which2.Hemade_____knowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics.A.thatB.itC.himselfD.him3.Itusedtobethought_____theEarthwasflat.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.that4.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut______willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which5._______iswellknown_______HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.A.It,thatB.As,/C.As,asD.It,which6.—Idon’tknowwhetherIshouldgoabroadornot,Mum.—Ileave_______toyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what7.Does________matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it8.Theyaregoodfriends._______isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It9.Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.They10.Whydon’tyoubring______tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thisB.what148 C.thatD.it11.“Lookatthatladyonthestage.She’salreadyforty.”“Youarejoking.Shedoesn’tlook________.”A.soB.itC.thatD.this13._______wasknowntothemallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromise______hewouldgiveeachofthemagift.A.As;WhichB.What;thatC.It;thatD.It;which14.Inthewest,peoplemake_______aruletosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends.A.thisB.thatC.itD.thefollowing【答案与解析】1.选C。one指acoat。比较:it=the+名词,one=a+名词,换句话说,it是特指的,而one则是泛指的。2.选B。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是thathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics。3.选D。it为形式主语,此句为PeopleusedtothinkthattheEarthwasflat的被动语态形式。4.选B。it指前面提到的newhouse。注意不能选D,因为其前有并列连词but。5.选A。it为形式主语,其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题,答案选B:_______iswellknown,_______HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.A.It,thatB.As,/C.As,asD.It,which6.选B。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是whetheryoushoulddoit.7.选D。itdoesn’tmatterif…,doesitmatterif…等为英语常用表达。8.选D。it’snowonderthat…意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”,为英语固定表达,其中的it’s也可省略,即只说Nowonderthat…。如:Nowonder(that)hedidn’twanttogo.难怪他不想去。9.选B。it指环境。10.选D。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是thatyouaretoobusytodoit.12.选B。it指herage。lookone’sage为习语,意为“容貌与年龄相称”。148 13.选C。第一空填it,为形式主语;第二空填that,用以引导一个同位语从句,修饰promise。14.选C。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是其后的不定式tosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends。介词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“Youwentlate_______thestadiumyesterdayevening,didn’tyou?”“Yes,mywifewasalittlelate_______thesupper.”A.to,withB.for,withC.for,forD.at,for【陷阱】容易误选B或D。【分析】答案应选A。第一空填to比较好理解,因为此处的late为副词,用以修饰gotothestadium中的动词go;而第二句的with则是许多同学不容易想到的,相反,更多地可能是想到for,现将两者区别如下:belatefor表示做某事迟到,而belatewith表示做某事做晚了(=belateindoingsth)。比较:Wewerelatefordinner.我们吃饭迟到了。Wewerelatewithdinner[=inhavingdinner].我们吃饭吃得迟。句中mywifewasalittlelatewiththesupper的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。2.Wewereallworriedover_______youweresick.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat【陷阱】容易误选A或B。【分析】答案应选D。按英语习惯,除except,but等极个别介词外,英语介词后通常不能直接跟that从句作宾语。遇此情况,通常是在that从句前加上thefact,此时thefact用作介词宾语,而其后that从句则用作thefact的同位语。请看类似试题(答案选均D):(1)Theyknewnothingabout______hewasathief.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat(2)Shemustfaceupto_______sheisnolongeryoung.A.thatB.which148 C.whatD.thefactthat(3)Whathesaidatthemeetingreferredto_______hewasinterestedintheproject.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat(4)Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat(5)Thewriterisnotsatisfiedwith_______busesaretoocrowded.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.thefactthat3.Sometimesouropinionsdiffer_______whatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhatwe’veobservedA.whichB.sinceC.becauseD.becauseof【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯,because是连词,其后接句子;而becauseof是复合介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词等。【分析】此题答案选D。because作为从属连词,主要用于引导原因状语从句,既然是引导一个从句,也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。如:Hewasangrybecausewewerelate.他很生气因为我们迟到了。Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelightison.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。Breadischeapinthissupermarketbecausetheybakeitthemselves.这家超市的面包是自制的,所以便宜。假若,一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”,那么它前面就不宜再用because这个连词了。如:Shegotangrybecauseofwhatyousaid.她哭是因为你说的话。句中的what相当于thethingthat,也就是说whatyousaid相当于thethingthatyousaid。其中thething用作becauseof的宾语,而thatyousaid为修饰thething的定语从句。Helosthisjobbecauseofhowhetreatedhisboss.他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。句中的how相当于thewayinwhich,也就是说howhetreatedhisboss相当于thewayinwhichhetreatedhisboss。其中theway用作becauseof的宾语,而inwhichhetreatedhisboss为修饰theway的定语从句。4.“Howlonghaveyoubeenanactor?”“_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since148 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看,四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D,因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较:“Whendidyoubecameanactor?”“_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since此题选B,因为问句问的是when(何时),所以用in1995来回答便顺理成章。请再看两题:(1)“Howlonghaveyouworkedonthefarm?”“____theendoflastyear.”A.InB.ByC.AtD.Since答案选D,用sincetheendoflastyear回答howlong,即问句问“工作了多久”,答句说“自去年年底至今”。(2)“Howlongwillyouworkonthefarm?”“____theendofnextyear.”A.InB.ByC.AtD.Since答案选B,问句问“将工作多久”,答句说“工作明年明底”。(3)“Whendidyouleavethefarm?”“____theendoflastyear.”A.InB.ByC.AtD.Since答案选C,问句问“何时离开”,答句说“去年明底离开”。5.Don’tbeangry_______mefornothavingwritten.Iwasreallytoobusy.A.aboutB.withC.toD.for【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”,将其中的“对”直译为to。【分析】最佳答案为B。按英语习惯,要表示对某人生气,通常用beangrywith[at]sb,要表示对某事生气,通常用beangryat[about]sth(在美国英语中也用beangrywithsth,但不说beangrywithsb)。比较以下表达,其中的“对”也不用to来翻译:你对这些安排感到满意吗?误:Didyoufeelsatisfiedtothearrangements?正:Didyoufeelsatisfiedwiththearrangements?老师应该对他的学生严格要求。误:Teachersshouldbestricttotheirstudents.正:Teachersshouldbestrictwiththeirstudents.148 6.Inthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehavetokeepintouch_____writingoften.A.withB.ofC.onD.by【陷阱】容易误选A。根据keepintouchwith(与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。【分析】正确答案是D。by在这里表示方式,bywriting意为“通过写信”,全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关):(1)We’vetalkedalot_______films.How_____televisionnow?A.of,withB.with,towardsC.about,aboutD.for,about此题不要受alotof的影响而误选A。若第一空选of,alotofcars即为动词talk的宾语,但实际上动词talk是不及物动词,不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C,句中的alot是修饰动词talked的状语,talkabout才是一个动词短语。全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少,现在谈谈电视怎么样?”Whatabout…意为“……怎么样”,用于征求意见。(2)Weallregardedthepooroldman____sympathy.A.asB.withC.ofD.by有的同学一看到句中的regard和选项中的as,马上就联想到regard…as…(把……当作……)这一搭配,从而断定此题应选A。但是错了,原因是将此搭配套入原句,句子意思不通。正确答案是B,句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Sofar,severalshipshavebeenreportedmissing_______thecoastofBermudaIsland.A.offB.alongC.onD.around2.“Howlonghaveyoustayedinthishotel?”“Notlong,just______thisMonday.”A.onB.sinceC.untilD.after3.Theliftinthattallbuildingwentwrongandgottrapped_____floors.Peopleinithadnowaytogetout.A.in B.betweenC.among D.on4.“Whataterriblerainwearehaving!”“Yes.Weareaskedtopaymoreattentiontotheinformationabouttherain______flood.”A.aswellasB.solongas148 C.becauseofD.incaseof5._____theirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.A.GivenB.SupposedC.ConsideredD.Concluded6.Theypromisethattheworkwouldallbefinished_____nextweek.A.untilB.inC.byD.to7._______readingtheletter,whathashedone?A.BecauseofB.ExceptC.BesidesD.Butfor8.“Howdidtherobbergetin?”“______anopenwindowonthefirstfloor.”A.PastB.FromC.OverD.Through9.Sheknewnothingabouthisjourney_______hewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.A.ExceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.inaddition9.选C。在四个选项中,只有exceptthat后可接句子。10.Heusuallygoestoworkbybike_______itrains.A.exceptB.exceptwhenC.exceptforD.exceptthat11.Ifoundtheislandawonderfulplaceforourexperiments_______thehotweather.A.besidesB.exceptforC.exceptD.exceptthat12.______theweather,wehadapleasanttime.A.ExceptB.ExceptforC.ButD.Besides13.Healwaysdidwellatschool______havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.A.inspiteofB.insteadofC.incaseofD.infavorof14.Asitwasalmosttimefortheflight,allthepassengersgot______theplane.A.aroundB.abroadC.aboardD.ahead【答案与解析】148 1.选A。off用作介词时可表示距离,此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如:Ourhouseisabout20metersoffthemainroad.我们家离大路大约有20米远。Theshipanchoredamileoffthecoast.轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。2.选B。此答句为省略句,补充完整为:I’vestayedinthishotelsincethisMonday.3.选B。betweenfloors指在两层楼之间。类例地,以下各例也选between:Don’teatanything______mealsifyouwanttoloseweight.4.选D。复合介词incaseof有两个意思,一是表示条件,意为“如果”;二是表示目的,意为“以防”。如:Incaseoffire,call119.万一失火,就打119电话。Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseofrain.带把雨伞,以防下雨。5.选A,given在此用作介词,意为“考虑到”。又如:Giventhelowprice,Idecidedtobuyit.考虑到价格很低,我决定把它买下。6.选C,by意为“最迟到……之前,到……的时候已经”。类例地,下面一题也选by:Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation_______5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.untilB.afterC.aroundD.by7.选C。besides意为“除……之外,还”。又如:Hehasanothercarbesidesthis.除了这辆车外,他还有一辆。Besidesbeingateacher,hewasapoet.除了是位教师外,他还是位诗人。Didhedoanythingbesideshittingyou?除了打你之外,他还有没有别的什么举动?8.选D。through意为“穿过,贯穿,经过,透过”。又如:Thetrainranthroughthetunnel.火车穿过隧道。Isawyouthroughthewindow.我是透过窗子看到你的。9.选C。在四个选项中,只有exceptthat后可接句子。10.选B。exceptwhen和exceptthat后均可接句子,但前者含“当……的时候”的意思,而后者则没有这个意思。11.选B。except与exceptfor的区别是:前者主要用来谈论同类的东西;后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后作细节上的修正,有时含有惋惜之意。12.选B,except和exceptfor均可表示排除,但若是表示谈论不同类的对象,通常用exceptfor。另外,except通常不用于句首。13.选A。比较:inspiteof=虽然,尽管…仍;insteadof=代替,取而代之;incaseof=假设,万一;infavourof=赞同,有利于。14.选C。aboard用作介词时意思“在(船、飞机、车)上”、“上(船、飞机、车)”。148 形容词与副词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmells_____,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell____.A.well,wellB.bad,badC.well,badlyD.badly,bad【陷阱】容易误选B,认为两个smell均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题,最佳答案为D。句中的第一个smell为实义动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”,smellbadly意为“嗅觉差”;第二个smell为连系动词,意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”,smellbad意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。2.“_____doyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?”“Oh,heisan_____man.”A.What,interestingB.What,interestedC.How,interestingD.How,interested【陷阱】容易误选D,认为第一空应填how,表示“如何”;第二空应填interested,因为有的书上说–ing形容词主要说明事物,-ed形容词主要说明人。【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时,可用Howdoyoulike...?或Whatdoyouthinkof...?注意两者搭配不同,即like与how搭配,thinkof与what搭配。另一方面,有的书认为:-ing形容词说明事,-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是:表示使(别)人感到如何,用-ing形容词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed形容词。比较:Allthechildrenareinterested.所有的孩子都很感兴趣。Allthechildrenareinteresting.所有的孩子都很有趣。Ireadaninterestedexpressiononhisface.我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。Ireadaninterestingexpressiononhisface.我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。再比较:Heisfrightened.他很害怕。148 Heisfrightening.他很吓人。Hehasafrightenedlookonhisface.他脸上带有惊恐的神情。Hehasafrighteninglookonhisface.他脸上带有吓人的神情。3.Theoperationwassuccessful,butIstillfelt_____.A.verypainfulB.muchpainfulC.alotofpainD.verypaining【陷阱】容易误选A,想当然地认为:pain表示“痛”,其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。【分析】其实painful的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于说明事物,而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会:他仍很痛苦。正:Heisstillinpain.误:He’sstillpainful.你感到痛吗?正:Doyoufeelanypain?误:Areyoupainful?见到你这样生活我很痛心。正:Iampainedtoseeyoulivingthisway.误:Iampainfultoseeyoulivingthisway.听到他的死讯,我们都很痛苦。误:Wewereallpainfultohearofhisdeath.正:Wewereallpainedtohearofhisdeath.他眼睛痛。正:Hehaspainfuleyes.误:He’spainfulintheeyes.4.“Ourteamis_____towinthematch.”“Really?ButIdon’tthinkso.”A.easyB.difficultC.possibleD.sure【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,因为假若单纯从中文意思来看,四个答案均说得通。【分析】正确答案为D,A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通,但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯,easy和difficult后接不定式时,其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是it,而不能是具体的人或物,除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如:他回答案这个问题很容易。误:He’sveryeasytoanswerthisquesiton.148 正:Itisveryeasyforhertoanswerthisquesiton.(用形式主语it作主语)正:Thequestionisveryeasyforhertoanswer.(主语为具体的事物,但它与其后不定式有动宾关系,即toanswerthisquesiton)我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。误:Weareverydifficulttofinishtheworkinhalfanhour.正:Itisverydifficultforustofinishtheworkinhalfanhour.(用形式主语it作主语)对possible来说,后接不定式时,其主语只能是it,不能是具体的人或事物,即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如:我们可能会赢得这场比赛。误:Wearepossibletowinthematch.误:Thematchispossibleforustowin.正:Itispossiblethatwewillwinthematch.正:Itispossibleforustowinthematch.5.Ithinkheis_____totellusthesecret,butI’mnotsure.A.possibleB.likelyC.impossibleD.certain【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。【分析】根据句意首先排除D;再根据上面一题的分析,排除A和C;也就是说,此题最佳答案为B。注意likely的用法,它与possible所用句型不同,请看实例:Arewelikelytoarriveintime?我们会及时赶到吗?It’sverylikelythathewillringmetonight.今晚他很可能会给我来电话。Theywillverylikelycomebycar.他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词,而前两句中的likely为形容词)6.Let’smakeitatseveno’clockonTuesdaymorningatmyofficeif________.A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou【陷阱】容易误选A或C,因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为ifyouareconvenient或ifyoufeelconvenient。【分析】最佳答案为B,因为英语中的convenient不是表示“感到方便的”,而是表示“使人感到方便的”,所以beconvenient的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”,英语通常ifitisconvenientfor[to]you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with。顺便说一句,偶尔也可见到用人或物作beconvenient的主语,但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点:句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,如:148 MaryisconvenienttoseeonSunday./ItisconvenienttoseeMaryonSunday.星期天去见玛丽较为方便。Thefurnitureisconvenienttomove./Itisconvenienttomovethefurniture.这家具搬起来很方便。7.Weweretwohourslatethatday,whichwasduetothe______.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics【陷阱】容易误选A,因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为crowdedtraffic(s);由于traffic不可数,排除含traffics的选项,所以许多考生便选定答案A。【分析】其实,此题的最佳答案是C,因为英语的traffic习惯上不用crowded修饰,而用busy或heavy修饰,以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有:(1)汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是greentea,但相应的“红茶”却是blacktea而不是redtea。(2)可说thicksoup(浓汤),但不说thickcoffee(tea);要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”,可用strongcoffee(tea)。(3)可说thinsoup(稀汤),但不说thincoffee(tea);要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”,可用weakcoffee(tea)。8.Maryisverycleverand_____worthteaching,butherbrotherisnot.Look,heisnow_____asleepinclass.A.very,veryB.much,veryC.well,veryD.well,fast【陷阱】容易误选A,因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的very等同。【分析】但是,许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的very来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”,在英语中就不能说成IverylikeEnglish,而应说成IlikeEnglishverymuch,因为副词very在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A,是因为形容词worth和asleep习惯上不能用副词very来修饰,而是分别用well和fast修饰,即说成bewellworthdoingsth(很值得做某事),befast(或sound)asleep(熟睡),所以此题的最佳答案应选D。9.“CouldItakeyourordernow?”“Yes.One_____teaandtwo_____coffees.”A.black,whiteB.red,whiteC.black,greenD.red,black【陷阱】容易误选B或D。【分析】按汉语习惯,在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”,即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中,人们虽然可直接用greentea来表示“绿茶”,但却不能直接用redtea来表示“红茶”,汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是black148 tea,所以第一空应填black,即选A或C。对于第二空,coffee前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是white和black,其中whitecoffee指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色),blackcoffee指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”(即纯咖啡或清咖啡),由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。10.Enteringthehousewefoundhimlyingonthebedwithhismouth_______andeyes_______.A.open,closeB.opened,closedC.opened,closeD.open,closed【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。【分析】答案应选D。open和close均可用作动词,前者表示“开”,后者表示“关”,是一对反义词,如:Pleaseopenyourmouthandcloseyoureyes.请张开嘴,闭上眼。但是open和close也可用作形容词,此时前者意为“开着的”,后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等,而并不表示“关着的”,要表示“关着的”,英语用closed,即用作形容词时,open与close不是一对反义词,而与closed才是反义词。11.A______roadgoes______fromoneplacetoanother.A.straight,straightB.straightly,straightlyC.straight,straightlyD.straightly,straight【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly是straight的副词形式。【分析】在现代英语中,straight既可用作形容词,也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃,许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Itwas_____opportunitytomiss.A.toogoodanB.atoogoodC.tooagoodD.toogood2.Idon’tlikeitatall.Itcan’tbe_____.A.betterB.worseC.bestD.worst3.Therewasnothingspecialaboutthisfilm—itwasonly______.A.particularB.averageC.interestingD.strange4.Shelooksvery_____butIcan’trememberhername.A.similarB.familiarC.friendlyD.strange148 5.Hesaidhewouldreturnthemoney,andIwas______.A.foolenoughtobelievehimB.enoughfooltobelievehimC.foolenoughbelievinghimD.enoughfoolbelievinghim6.“Thisbookis______moreusefulforusstudents.”“Yes,butitis_______toodifficult.”A.quite,quiteB.much,ratherC.rather,quiteD.quite,much7.Thechildrenalllooked_____atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite_____.A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sad8.Thechilddreamedthathehadoncelivedina_______houseintheforest.A.woodenprettylittleB.littleprettywoodenC.prettylittlewoodenD.woodenlittlepretty9.Hewantedtoreadmore,soheaskedhisfriendsiftherewas_______toread.A.somethingeasyenoughB.somethingenougheasyC.enougheasysomethingD.easyenoughsomething10.Thedoctorassuredthepatientthattherewas______withher,butshecouldnothelpworrying.A.seriouslywrongnothingB.nothingseriouswrongC.nothingseriouslywrongD.seriousnothingwrong11.—Howisyourfather?—He’sfine.He’s______toplaytenniseverySunday.A.enoughactivestillB.enoughstillactiveC.stillactiveenoughD.stillenoughactive12.—Didyouwashyournewsuitinhotwater?—Ofcoursenot.Iamnot______foolish.A.veryB.thatC.verymuchD.too13.—Whichteamis_______towinthegame?—Idon’tknow,butI’vefound_______forourstowin.A.probable;itunlikelyB.likely;itpossibleC.possible;itpossibleD.likely;itpossibly14.Hedidn’tunderstandthe_______question,sotherewasa______expressiononhisface.148 A.puzzling;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzled;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling15.Shecanspeak_______infrontofMack,butshecan’teat______inhisrestaurant.A.free,freeB.free,freelyC.freely,freeD.freely,freely16.Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood____tohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing17.Fredissecondtononeinmathsinourclass,butbelieveitornot,he_______passedthelastexam.A.easilyB.hardlyC.actuallyD.successfully【答案与解析】1.选A,too…to…结构除用于“too+形容词或副词+todosth”外,也可用于“too+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+todosth”。2.选B,itcan’tbeworse相当于It’stheworstthingIeverknew。3.选B,average意为“平常的”、“普通的”。4.选B,similar指“相似”,familiar指“熟悉”。5.选A,此处的fool虽为名词,但具有形容词的性质,相当于foolish。6.选B。虽然quite,rather,much均可用于加强语气,但是修饰比较级或副词too(太)时,只能用rather或much,而不用quite。7.选D。第一个look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词at),第二个look是连系动词。8.选C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时,它们的位置遵循这样的原则:描绘形容词—大小(长短高低)形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形容词—名词(动名词)。9.选A。做对此题要注意两点:一是修饰something,anything,nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,应置于被修饰语之后;二是副词enough修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。10.选C。wrong修饰nothing,seriously修饰wrong。11.选C。still修饰active,置于其前;而副词enough修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。12.选B。that在此用作副词,不是代词,用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。13.选B。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第5题。148 14.选A。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第2题。15.选C。第一空填freely,意为“自由地”;第二空填free,意为“免费地”。16.选A。close与closely的区别是:指实际距离近,用close;指抽象意义,用closely。17.选B。首先应弄清secondtonone的意思,照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”,言外之意就是“第一”,或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的but可知,选项B最恰当。比较结构考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_____voice.A.abetterB.abestC.thebetterD.thebest【陷阱】容易误选D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A,该句可视为…Ihaveneverheardabettervoicethanhervoice之省略,全句句意为“她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例:Heisfine,neverbetter.他很好,比以往任何时候都好。Thisbirdisreallylovely.I’veneverseenafinerone.这只鸟真可爱,我从未见过这样好看的鸟。比较以下试题,情形也大致相同:(1)“I’veneverfoundabetterjob.”“_______.”A.Idon’tthinksoB.ToobadC.CongratulationsD.Don’tworry答案选C,I’veneverfoundabetterjob可视为I’veneverfoundabetterjobthanthisjob之省略,句意为:我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作,即这是我所找到的最好的工作。(2)“Whatdoyouthinkoftheservicehere?”“Oh,______.Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplace.”A.toobadB.sorry148 C.wonderfulD.impossible答案选C。Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplace可视为Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplacethanthisplace,其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”,即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。(3)Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_____IQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest答案选B,句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”,即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。(4).Howcolditis!We’veneverhad______thiswinter.A.thecolderdayB.acolddayC.thecoldestdayD.acolderday答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。2.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis_____knownforhisplays.A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themost【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D,因为wellknown的比较级和最高级通常是betterknown和bestknown,有时也可以是morewellknown和mostwellknown,但通常不能是moreknown和mostknown。至于是选A还是C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有stories和plays两个对象,故应选比较级。3.Youare_____carefulthanyourbrother.Youtwocan’tdotheworkthatneedscareandskill.A.notmoreB.nomoreC.notlessD.noless【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:notmore…than=不如……nomore…than=和……一样不(否定两者)notless…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)noless…than=和……一样(肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思:Youaremorecarefulthanheis.你比他仔细。Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细。148 Youarenomorecarefulthanheis.你和他一样不仔细。Youarelesscarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。Youarenolesscarefulthanheis.你和他一样仔细。通过以上分析,再结合句子语境,可知此题最佳答案为B。4.“Oh,howfatheis!”“ButIthinkheis____thanfat.”A.shortB.shorterC.moreshortD.shortest【陷阱】容易误选B。认为short为单音节形容词,故用-er构成比较级。【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题,得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起:(1)异类同质比较:即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如:Myroomissmallerthanyours.我的房间比你的小。Ourcountryismorepowerfulthantheirs.我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2)同类异质比较:即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较,这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……,而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如:Hewasmoreluckythanclever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。Shewasmaresurprisedthanangry.她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。Thisismoreawarmoviethanawestern.这更应当说是一部战争片,而不是西部片。按英语习惯,在进行同类异质比较时,只能用more构成比较级,不能用-er形式,即使是单音节词也是如此。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Inmyapartmenttherearetworooms,_____isusedasalivingroom.A.largeroneB.thelargerofwhichC.thelargestoneD.thelargestofwhich2.“Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswer?”“Notatall.Itcouldn’thavebeen____.”A.betterB.worseC.moreD.less3.I’m_____atsumsthanJean,butbetterathistory.A.moreB.lessC.worseD.cleverer4.Wecouldn’thavepicked______dayforthepicnic—itrainednonstop.A.aworseB.aworstC.theworseD.theworst148 5.Iknowthisisnotquitetherightword,butIcan’tbebotheredtothinkof_____.A.abetterB.abestC.thebetterD.thegood6.—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?—SorrytosayIdidn’t.Itwas______ameetingthanaparty.A.morelikeB.quitelikeC.lesslikeD.moreorless7.Whentheyarrivedattheschoolitwasraining_______harder.A.moreB.quiteC.veryDeven8.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,_______communicationisdonebyregularmail.A.lessB.moreC.littleD.few9.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave______sizeinblue?Thisone’sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger10.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertime C.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertime11.Thisdressisprettier,butitcosts______thatone.A.twicemorethanB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchtwiceasD.twicesomuchas【答案与解析】1.选B,由于是两个房间,即是两者比较,故宜用比较级,因此排除C和D;又由于两句之间没有连词,故不宜选A。注:若在空格前加上and一词,则要选A。2.选B。此题关键是要理解Notatall的意思。根据上文语境,Notatall为Iamnotsatisfiedatallwithhisanswer之省略,即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”,既然如此,他的回答当然会是Itcouldn’thavebeenworse(不可能更糟)。3.选C,句意为“我的算术比琼差,但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词but及其后的better。4.选A,wecouldn’thavepickedaworstday的实际意思是itistheworstdaywe’vepicked。148 5.选A,abetter为abetterone之省略。另外,abetterone(一个更好的)是与其前文“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。6.选A。根据空格后的than,排除B和D;根据语境,排除C。7.选D。more后不能比较级,故排除A;quite除用于quitebetter外,不用于修饰比较,故排除B;very不用修饰比较级,故排除C。8.选A。若选B或C均不合事实;若选D,不合语法,因为few后要接可数名词的复数形式。9.选B。从句意看,空格处应填比较级bigger,因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是,一个用了不定冠词,一个用了定冠词,两者的区别是,不定冠词表泛指,定冠词表特指。10.选D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较,所以应用比较级,不用最高级,由此排除A和C。选项B的错误在于用了morehappier这样的双重比较级(即more后不能再加比较级)。11.选B。修饰as…as的副词应置于该结构之前。连词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.I’msorry,_____Iwon’tbeabletocometonight.A.forB.andC.butD.then【陷阱】容易误选A,因为空格后的句子是用以说明I’msorry的原因的,所以便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。【分析】事实上,I’msorry后习惯上不接表示原因的连词for,而接表示转折的连词but(也可省略but),用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。又如:Oh,sorry,butshe’sout.哦,不好意思,她出去了。I’msorry,butIhavetodisagree.对不起,我不敢苟同。I’msorry,butIhavealreadyhadanotherappointment.对不起,我已经有约会了。注:I’msorry后虽然不能接表原因的连词for,但却可接介词for。如:I’msorryforshoutingatyou.对不起冲你嚷嚷了。148 IamsorryforwhatIsaidtoyou.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2.Thepointisnotwhosaidthewords,_____theyaretrueornot.A.butwhetherB.andwhetherC.buthowD.andhow【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为A。此题涉及两个搭配:一是not…but…(不是……而是……),二是whether…ornot(是否)。请看类例:Hewasnotanactor,whooftenappearedonstage,_____awriter,writingstories.A.butB.andC.thenD.so答案选A,主要考查not…but…结构。3.JustbecausetheymakemoremoneythanIdo,_____theyseemtolookdownonme.A.soB.andC.butD.不填【陷阱】但容易误选A,将汉语的“因为……所以……”直译为because…so…。【分析】此题正确答案为D,但是按英语语法,because为从属连词,用以引导原因状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而so在表示“所以”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词because,又用了并列连词so,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉because和so中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。4.Althoughhehadonlyenteredthecontestforfun,_____hewonfirstprize.A.butB.andC.evenD.不填【陷阱】容易误选A,将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为although…but…。【分析】正确答案选D。按英语语法,although为从属连词,用以引导让步状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而but在表示“但是”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词although,又用了并列连词but,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉although和but中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。其实,此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句,许多同学(包括许多老师和教学参考书)为了便于记忆,将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯,because和so不可连用,although与but不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的,也是有效的,但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则,如果只是死记该规则,有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如:148 ButIdidn’tknowthatthen,althoughIlearneditlater.但我当时的确不知道此事,尽管后来我还是知道了。此句既用了并列连词but,又用了从属连词although,但它并未造成错误,原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同,即此句but用于although之前,but在此仅起到与上文转折的作用,but后的Ididn’tknowthatthen,althoughIlearneditlater.仍为一个复合句。Itrieddoingtheaccounts,butalthoughIknewsomemathsIfounditverydifficult.我试着算这些账,但尽管我懂点数学,仍感到很困难。此句将but与although用在一起,但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看,它是一个以并列连词but连接的并列句,而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句althoughIknewsomemaths的复合句——这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为Itrieddoingtheaccounts,butIfounditverydifficultalthoughIknewsomemaths.5.Whenthelastprizehadbeenawarded_____everybodyclearedoff.A.andB.soC.orD.不填【陷阱】容易想当然地误选A。【分析】句首when引导的是一个时间状语从句,它暗示整个句子为复合句;而so,and,or为并列连词,无论选哪一个,都表明整个句子为并列句,从而导致前后矛盾,所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D,everybodyclearedoff为整个复合句的主句。请看类似例子:(1)Ifwisheswerehorses,_____beggarswouldride.A.andB.soC.orD.不填(2)IfI’mmistaken,_____youaremistakentoo.A.soB.andC.orD.不填(3)JustbeforeIleftLondon,_____Isenthimatelegram.A.andB.soC.orD.不填(4)Aftertheyhadeachsaidafewwords,_____LloydGeorgetookthefloor.A.andB.soC.orD.不填答案均选D,空格前分别为if,when,before,after引导的状语从句,空格后为整个复合句的主句。148 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.“Shallwestopforlunch_____shallwedriveon?”“Let’sstopforlunch,butthedrivercan’tdrink_____drive.”A.and,andB.or,orC.and,orD.or,and2.“_____whendoesthepubstayopen?”“Aboutmidnight.”A.SinceB.BeforeC.UntilD.After3.“Wouldyouliketea_____coffee?”“_____,thanks.”A.or,NoB.and,EitherC.or,NeitherD.and,Each4.Heimaginesthatpeopledon’tlikehim,_____theydo.A.andB.thenC.soD.but5.Ifirmlybelieve_____hesaidatthemeetingwasright.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat6.Willyoudeliver,_____doIhavetocometotheshoptocollectthegoods?A.andB.orC.soD.then7.Itshockedmetosee______myneighborstreatedtheirchildren.A.whyB.whetherC.howD.since8._____thegovernmentagreestogiveextramoney,thetheatrewillhavetoclose.A.UntilB.UnlessC.SinceD.While9.Wewerejustaboutreadytoleave_____itstartedtosnow.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since10.—Idon’tlikechicken_______fish.—Idon’tlikechicken,_______Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,and B.and,butC.or,but D.or,and11.—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?148 —I’dliketo,___I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but【答案与解析】1.选D,第一空填or,表选择;第二空填and,can’tdrinkanddrive指不能同时既喝酒又开车,即不能酒后开车。2.选C,句意为“这家酒店开门到什么?(或这家酒店什么时候关门?)”3.选C,选项A用No来回答选择疑问句,不妥;选项B用and连接tea与coffee,说明问句并非提供选择,而答语却用了either这样表选择性的词语,也不妥;选项D与语境不符。4.选D,前后意思转折,故选but。注:buttheydo=buttheylikehim。5.选C,that为引导宾语从句的连词,在thatwhathesaidatthemeetingwasright这一宾语从句中,又包含有whathesaidatthemeeting这一主语从句,而在该主语从句中,what用作动词said的宾语。6.选B,or表选择。7.选C。how修饰谓语动词treated。8.选B,从句意推知。9.选A,when在此用作并列连词,意为“这时(突然)”。10.选C。第一空填or,在否定词后用or,表示否定两者;第二空填but,表示转折。11.选D。but表转折,符合语意。而表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。动词时态考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“I_____histelephonenumber.”“Ihavehisnumber,butI____tobringmyphonebook.”A.forget,forgetB.forgot,forgot148 C.forget,forgotD.forgot,forget【陷阱】容易误选A,认为“忘记”是现在的事。【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境:第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”,这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况,即现在忘记了,要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了,故第一空应填forget;第二个人说“我有他的号码,但我忘记带电话本了”,这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况,即过去忘记带电话本,所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词but),故第二空应填forgot,即答案选应C。请再看一例:—Oh,I______wherehelives.—Don’tyoucarryyouraddressbook?No,I______tobringit.A.forget,forgetB.forgot,forgotC.forget,forgotD.forgot,forget答案选C,理由同上。2.Ihadhopedtoseeheroffatthestation,butI_____toobusy.A.wasB.hadbeenC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen【陷阱】容易误选B或D,认为前句用了hadhoped,所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。【分析】但正确答案为A,前一句谓语用hadhoped,表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算,可以译为“本想”,而后一句说“我太忙”,这是陈述过去的一个事实,所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A):(1)Wehadhopedtocatchthe10:20train,but_____itwasgone.A.foundB.hadfoundC.wouldfindD.wouldhavefound(2)Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyou_____.A.didn’tB.hadn’tC.needn’tD.wouldnothave(3)Wehadwantedtocometoseehim,butwe____notime.A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad(4)Ihadexpectedtocomeovertoseeyoulastnight,butsomeone______andIcouldn’tgetaway.A.calledB.hadcalledC.wouldcallD.wouldhavecalled148 (5)Thetrafficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver_______reallycareless.A.wasB.isC.wereD.hadbeen3.Dearme!Just_____atthetime!I_____noideaitwassolate.A.look,haveB.looking,hadC.look,hadD.looking,have【陷阱】此题容易误选D,认为第一空用现在分词表伴随,第二空填have的一般现在时,以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实,此题应选C,第一空应填look,因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空应填had,因为前一句说“看看时间吧”,这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形,“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事,故应用一般过去时态,许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。4.“Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s4331577”A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t【陷阱】此题容易误选C,认为此处要用一般现在时态,表示现在“没听清对方的话”。【分析】其实,此题答案应选A,根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前,故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题:(1)“MrSmithisn’tcomingtonight.”“Buthe_____.”A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised答案选B,“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。(2)“Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!”“Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.”A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice答案选B,“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事,现经对方一提醒,当然注意到了。(3)“Ohit’syou!I________you.”“I’vehadmyhaircut.”A.didn’trealizeB.haven’trealizedC.didn’trecognizeD.don’trecognized答案选C。“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事,说此话时显然已经认出了对方。(4)“What’shernewtelephonenumber?”“Oh,I_____.”A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting148 此题应选A,从语境上看,“忘记”的时间应是现在,即指现在不记得了。(5)“Sinceyou’veagreedtogo,whyaren’tyougettingready?”“ButI______thatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.”A.don’trealizeB.didn’trealizeC.hadn’trealizedD.haven’trealized答案选B。“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。(6)“It’stwelveo’clock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.”“Oh,really?I______itatall.”A.don’trealizeB.haven’trealizedC.didn’trealizeD.hadn’trealized答案选C。“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。5.MrSmith______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting【陷阱】容易误选B或C。【分析】此题应选D,这是由butIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit这一句话的语境决定的,全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书,但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受lastyear的影响而误选B。但若选B,则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”,既然是“写了”,那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。6.Hehaschangedalot.He_______notwhathe_______.A.is,isB.was,wasC.is,wasD.was,is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选C,上文说“他”变化很大,即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了,故第一空填is,第二空填was(其实第二空也可用usedtobe)。请看类例:“Whatplaceisit?”“Haven’tyoufoundoutwe_____backwherewe______?”A.were,hadbeenB.havebeen,areC.are,wereD.are,hadbeen答案选C,Wearebackwherewewere的意思是“我们(现在)又回到刚才来过的地方”。7.Heisverybusy.Idon’tknowifhe_____ornottomorrow.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.iscoming148 【陷阱】此题容易误选B。认为if引导的是条件状语从句,从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。【分析】其实,此题答案应选C,句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果),而是宾语从句(即if=是否),句意为“他很忙,我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题:(1)Idon’tknowifshe_____,butifshe____Iwillletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,willcomeD.willcome,comes答案选D,第一个if引导的是宾语从句,第二个if引导的是条件状语从句。(2)“When_____hecome?”“Idon’tknow,butwhenhe_____,I’lltellyou.”A.does,comesB.will,willcomeC.does,willcomeD.will,comes答案选D,第一个when疑问副词,用于引出一个特殊疑问句;第二个when是从属连词,用于引导时间状语从句。(3)“Whenhe_____isnotknownyet.”“Butwhenhe____,hewillbewarmlywelcomed.”A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,willcomeD.willcome,comes答案选D,第一个when引导的是主语从句,第二个when引导的是时间状语从句。8.Thebridge,which_____1688,needsrepairing.A.isdatedfromB.wasdatedfromC.datesfromD.datedfrom【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D,认为句中用了1688这个过去时间,所以应选过去时态,又因为datefrom不用于被动语态,所以只能选D。【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C,因为datefrom的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(=haveexistedsince),它通常用于一般现在时,而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如:Thechurchdatesfrom1176.这座教堂是六世纪建的。Thecastledatesfromthe14thcentury.这座城堡是14世纪建的。但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在,则可用一般过去时。如:Thechurch,whichdatedfromthe13thcentury,wasdestroyedinanearthquaketwoyearsago.那座教堂是13世纪建成的,两年前在一次地震中被毁了。注:与datefrom同义的datebackto也有类似用法。9.“You’veleftthelighton.”“Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.”A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing148 【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来,填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的,因为根据上下文的语境来看,“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的,而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯:will和begoingto后接动词原形均可表示意图,但意图有强弱之分,如果是事先考虑过的意图,要用begoingto;如果不是事先考虑过的,而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图,则用will。比较:“I’vecomeoutwithoutanymoney.”“Nevermind,Iwilllendyousome.”“我出来没带钱。”“没关系,我借给你。”(句中用willlend,表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的,即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)I’veboughtatypewriterandI’mgoingtolearntotype.我买了台打字机,我想学打字。(句中用begoingtolearntotype,表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的,并为此买了台打字机)◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Lookatthatlittleboywanderingabout—perhapshe_____hismother.A.willloseB.islosingC.hadlostD.haslost2.It’sgoodthatwe_____totheparkbecauseit’sstartedtorain.A.don’tgoB.hadn’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.wasn’tgoing3.I_____forfiveminutes;whydon’ttheycome?A.amcallingB.calledC.wascallingD.havebeencalling4.You_____yourturnsoyou’llhavetowait.A.willmissB.havemissedC.aremissingD.hadmissed5.We_____tomovebutarestillconsideringwheretogoto.A.aredecidingB.decidedC.havedecidedD.haddecided6.Ileftmypenonthedeskandnowit’sgone;who_____it?A.tookB.hastakenC.willtakeD.hadtaken7.Theywon’tbuyanynewclothesbecausethey_____moneytobuyanewcar.A.saveB.weresavingC.havesavedD.aresaving148 8.I_____yourlastpoint—couldyousayitagain?A.didn’tquitecatchB.don’tquitecatchC.hadn’tquitecatchD.can’tquitecatch9.You’llneverguesswhoImettoday—myoldteacher!We_____for20years.A.don’tmeetB.haven’tmetC.hadn’tmetD.couldn’tmeet10.IfeelsureI_____herbeforesomewhere.A.wastomeetB.havemetC.hadmetD.wouldmeet11.Theyhaven’tarrivedyetbutwe_____thematanymoment.A.areexpectedB.haveexpectedC.areexpectingD.willexpect12.Ithinkyoumustbemistakenaboutseeinghimatthetheatre;I’msurehe_____abroadallweek.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen13.Thestudents_______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_______intheoffice. A.hadwritten,left B.werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleft D.werewriting,hadleft14.Itriedtophoneher,butevenasI_____shewasleavingthebuilding.A.phonedB.wouldphoneC.hadphonedD.wasphoning15.“Isupposeyou_____thatreportyet?”“Ifinishedityesterday,asamatteroffact.”A.didn’tfinishB.haven’tfinishedC.hadn’tfinishedD.wasn’tfinishing16.—Didn’ttheguardseehimbreakingintothebank?—No,he_______intheotherdirection.A.waslookingB.hadlookedC.lookedD.islooking17.Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It_______onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe18.“Ithoughtyoumighthavegotdrunk.”“Yes,I______.”148 A.almosthaveB.almosthadC.almostdidD.mighthave19.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatching20.“ItookpartintheTOEFL.Itwasreallyhard.”“Didyou______alot?”A.HaveyoustudiedB.DidyoustudyC.HadyoustudiedD.Doyoustudy21.“What’syouropiniononthematter,please?”“Oh,sorry,I_______.”A.wasn’ttolistenB.haven’tlistenedC.wasn’tlisteningD.hadn’tlistened22.“Aha,you’reachainsmoker!”“Onlyathome.Nobody_______thatbutyou.”A.discoveredB.haddiscoveredC.discoversD.isdiscovering23.Thetelephone_______threetimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit________formyfather.A.hadrang;wasB.hasrung;wasC.rang;hasbeenD.hasbeenringing;is24.Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho______him,butfailed.A.hasheldB.hadheldC.washoldingD.wouldhold25.WhenIarrivedatthecompany,themanager______,sowehadonlytimeforafewwords.A.justwentawayB.hadgoneawayC.wasjustgoingawayD.hasjustgoneaway26.“Johntookaphotographofyoujustnow.”“Oh,really?I______.”A.didn’tknowB.wasn’tknowingC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown27.“Mikeisnotcomingtothefootballgamethisafternoon.”“It’sashame!He_______!”A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised28.Pleasecallagain.Jim_______abathjustnow.A.hashadB.washavingC.ishavingD.has148 29.“WasAndrewtherewhenyouarrived?”“Yes,buthe______homesoonafterwards.”A.hadgoneB.hasgoneC.isgoingD.went30.“WhereisMother.”“Sheisinthekitchen.She_______thehouseworkallmorning.”A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendoing31.Thebooks,________thedictionaries,mustbeputbackwherethey________.A.included;wereB.toinclude;areC.including;wereD.including;are31.选C。第一空including不填included,因为其后带有宾语;第二填were,是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。【答案与解析】1.选D。根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象,推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。2.选C。句意为“好在我们(刚才)没有去公园,因为天(现在)已经开始下雨了”。3.选D。用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。4.选B,用现在完成时表示结果,即你已经错过了机会,其结果是:你只能等。5.选C。用现在完成时表示影响。6.选B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果,即现在笔不见了,是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。7.选D。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。8.选A。从下文的语境看,既然现在叫对方重复一遍,说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去(即说此话之前)。9.选B。用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。10.选B。before用作副词时不与具体时间连用,泛指“以前”,通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。11.选C。用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。12.选C。用现在完成时表示影响或结果,即他整个星期都在国外,所以你说你在剧院见过他,你一定是搞错了。13.选D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。14.选D。注意evenas的意思,它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。148 15.选B。注意下文语境——事实上,我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测,填空处应填现在完成时态。16.选A。表示当时正在进行的动作。17.选A。表示目前一种持续的状态。18.选C。句中的mighthavegotdrunk是对过去情况的推测,故答句所指的情况也应在过去,故选C。19.选B。always与进行时态连用,可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。20.选C。根据took的时态可知,“参加托福考试”发生在过去;而对方问“是否努力学习过?”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事,故用过去完成时。21.选C。“没听”肯定是刚才的事,所以应用过去时态。22.选C。答句陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时态。23.选B。按英语语法,“inthelast[past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。24.选C。用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。25.选C。由于下文说wehadonlytimeforafewwords,说明“经理”正准备离开。26.选A。“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事,故用一般过去时。27.选B。根据语境,他“答应”发生在过去,故用一般过去时。28.选C。justnow有两个意思:一是表示“刚才”,此时justnow为习语;二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”,此时just意为“正好”、“恰好”,用以修饰副词now。根据句子语境,句中的justnow应取上面的第二个意思。29.选D。Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他(发生在过去)之后不久。30.选D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。被动语态考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“Doyoulikethematerial?”“Yes,it_____verysoft.”A.isfeelingB.felt148 C.feelsD.isfelt【陷阱】此题容易误选D,想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意,认为“布料”应是“被摸”,所以feel选用被动语态。【分析】其实,此题正确答案为C,因为feel在此为连系动词,而连系动词均为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子(答案均为D):(1)Herforehead_____hot.I’mafraidsheisill.A.isfeelingB.feltC.isfeltD.feels(2)Thenewschoolhasbeencompleted.It_____verybeautiful.A.islookedB.lookedC.haslookedD.looks(3)Thedish_____nice,butthemilk_____sour.A.issmelt,issmeltB.issmelt,smellsC.smells,issmeltD.smells,smells(4)Thestoryofhislife_____interesting.A.issoundedB.issoundingC.hassoundedD.sounds2.Hewasangry_____yourwork.Hesaidthathe_____atall.A.at,didn’tsatisfyB.to,didn’tsatisfyC.at,wasn’tsatisfiedD.to,wasn’tsatisfied【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。beangryat(about)sth意为“对某事生气”,许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词at(about)换成to,这是错误的。另外,许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为notsatisfy,这是是不对的,因为,satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词,其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”,所以其后不能没有宾语,除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Thepresident_____acoolreceptionwhenhevisitedLondon.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.hadgivenD.hadbeengiven2.Aredskyinthemorning_____tobeasignofbadweather.A.saysB.issayingC.hassaidD.issaid148 3Ifyougotherealoneafterdarkyoumightget_____.A.attackedandrobbedB.attackingandrobbingB.toattackandrobD.tobeattackedandrobbed4.WhatIwantedtoknowwaswhenandwherethemeeting______.A.washoldingB.hadheldC.wastoholdD.wastobeheld5.Newmedicinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.A.developB.arebeingdevelopedC.aredevelopingD.havedeveloped6.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime______.A.permitsB.ispermittingC.ispermittedD.haspermitted7.Thestudents_____£50ayeartocoverthecostofbooksandstationery.A.giveB.aregivenC.havegivenD.togive8.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology_______tothefieldsofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced9.”Howaboutthedishes,Dear?”“Thebeefdidn’ttasteverygood.It______toolong.”A.cookedB.hadbeencookedC.wascookedD.hadcooked10.Hekeptalittlenotebook,inwhich______thenamesandaddressesofhisfriends.A.wrote B.waswritingC.waswrittenD.werewritten11.“Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.”“Whatisthesmallbuildingthat______for?”A.isbeingbuildingB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbeingbuilt12.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose13.Aredskyinthemorning______tobeasignofbadweather.A.saysB.issayingC.hassaidD.issaid148 14.Newmedicinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.A.developB.arebeingdevelopedC.aredevelopingD.havedeveloped【答案与解析】1.选B。一方面语意要求要被动语态,另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。2.选D。此句也可说成Itissaidthataredskyinthemorningisasignofbadweather.3.选A,“get+过去分词”表被动。4.选D,从逻辑上说,“会议”应是被开,故用被动式。5.选B。从语境上看,develop不仅要用被动语态,而且要用进行时态。6.选A,该用法中的permit为不及物动词,不用被动语态。其中iftimepermits也可换成timepermitting。7.选B。谓语为givesbsth结构的被动语态形式。8.选B。技术应该是“被”引进,故用被动语态;根据语境句子应用现在进行时。9.选B。从句意上看,“牛肉”应该是“被”煮,故句子要用被动语态;从时间上看,由于句中有didn’ttasteverygood,所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前,故用过去完成时。10.选D。inwhichwerewrittenthenamesandaddresses…为倒装句式,其正常表达为thenamesandaddressesofhisfriendswerewritteninthenotebook。11.选D。因为building应该是“被建”,故用被动语态;再根据前文的look,underconstruction等信息词可知,此处应用现在进行时态。12.选B。jobs与lose应为被动关系,故用被动语态;再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。13.选D。因为主语aredsky与谓语动词say之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。14.选B。因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发”之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。2004.4.1511动词用法与辨析◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumust_____it.A.advertiseB.advertiseforC.advertiseonD.advertiseto【陷阱】容易误选B,认为advertise的意思是“做广告”,advertisefor的意思“为……做广告”。148 【分析】事实上,正确答案为A。advertise可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:advertiseforsth(sb)登广告征求或寻找某物或某人(此时advertise不及物)advertisesth为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时advertise是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)Peopleadvertisethingsthattheywishtosell.人们为要卖的东西登广告。Themanagerwantstoadvertiseforanewsecretary.经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。再比较以下用例:advertisejobs登广告招人advertiseforjobs登广告求职2.Nomatterhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon【陷阱】容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的“为”译为for。【分析】答案选A,serve意为“为……服务”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。请看以下类似例子:(1)I_____youyesterday,butyouweren’tin.A.rangB.rangtoC.rangwithD.rangto答案选A,ring可以用作及物动词,表示“给……打电话”,故其后不用介词。(2)Neitherofherparentswantedherto_____hercousin.A.marryB.marrytoC.marrywithD.marryfor答案选A,marry可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思“与……结婚”,而不仅仅是“结婚”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词to,with等。(3)HowcanI_____you,Mr.Green?A.contactB.contactwithC.contacttoD.contactfor答案选A,contact为及物动词,表示“与……联系”,其后不接介词。3.Accordingtotherules,studentsmustnot______theirbooksduringexaminations.A.readB.watch148 C.noticeD.lookat【陷阱】容易误选A。因为按照英语一般习惯:看书看报用动词read,看电视用动词watch,看电影用动词see,看比赛用动词watch,看黑板用动词lookat,等等。【分析】一般说来,汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思,一是指阅读性地看书,即看书=读书,此时通常用动词read;另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书,而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等,此时通常都不宜用动词read,而应根据情况选用其他动词(如lookat)。又如:Letmehavealookatthebook.让我看看或翻翻这本书。Pleaseanswermyquestionswithoutlookingatyourbooks.请不看书回答我的问题。4.“Ilovetraveling.Ihopetogowithyouthistime.”“Butdoesyourmother_____youtogo?”A.letB.agreeC.allowD.promise【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。不能选A是因为let后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to;不能选B是因为动词agree习惯上不用于agreesbtodosth这一句式;不能选D是因为在promisesbtodosth这一句式中,todosth的逻辑主语是promise的主语而不其是宾语,比如Hepromisedmetogo的意思是“他答应我,他去”,而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C,是因为allowsbtodosth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合。5.Ifthey_______tomakeheart-feltapologiessoonwewillhavetobringanactionagainstthem.A.disagreedB.refusedC.agreedD.hoped【陷阱】容易误选A,根据agreetodosth(同意做某事),想当然地类推出disagreetodosth(不同意或不愿意做某事)。【分析】事实上,语言有很多问题是不能类推的,如上面这一例,英语可说agreetodosth,但习惯上却不说disagreetodosth。类似地,英语中可说likedoing[todo]sth,但在现代英语中习惯上说dislikedoingsth,却不说disliketodosth。其实上面一题的最佳答案是B,refusetodosth意为“拒绝做某事”或“不愿做某事”。6.Theyowntwocars,notto_____amotorbike.A.speakB.sayC.talkD.mention148 【陷阱】很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车,更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B。【分析】其实最佳答案为D。因为nottosay和nottomention均为习语,但其含义区别甚大:nottomention=更不用说,此外还有nottosay=虽不能说,即使不能说Itiswarm,nottosayhot.天气虽说不上热,但也够暖了。Hewasimpolite,nottosayrude.他即使不是粗鲁,至少也是没有礼貌。There’retenofusreadytohelp,nottomentionthechildren.我们有10个人愿意帮忙,还不算小孩。Theyhavethreedogstolookafter,nottomentionthecatandthebird.他们有三只狗要照顾,更别提那只猫和鸟了。7.“Doyourparentsagreetoyourdoingthat?”“Yes,ofcourse.Infact,theyalways______metotrysomethingnew.”A.hopeB.suggestC.supportD.encourage【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。因为若仅从汉语意思来看,四个选项均可填入空格处。【分析】其实此题的正解答案是D。因为在以上四个选项中,只有encourage可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即可用于encouragesbtodosth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即英语中习惯上不说hopesbtodosth,suggestsbtodosth,supportsbtodosth。顺便说一句,以下英汉语表达也有类似差别,请注意:汉语说“希望某人做某事”,但英语不说hopesbtodosth。汉语说“同意某人做某事”,但英语不说agreesbtodosth。汉语说“不同意某人做某事”,但英语不说disagreesbtodosth。汉语说“害怕某人做某事”,但英语不说fearsbtodosth。汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”,但英语不说refusesbtodosth。汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”,但英语不说punishsbtodosth。汉语说“建议某人做某事”,但英语不说suggestsbtodosth。汉语说“建议某人做某事”,但英语不说proposesbtodosth。汉语说“赞成某人做某事”,但英语不说approvesbtodosth。汉语说“安排某人做某事”,但英语不说arrangesbtodosth。汉语说“要求某人做某事”,但英语不说demandsbtodosth。汉语说“感谢某人做某事”,但英语不说thanksbtodosth。148 汉语说“指导某人做某事”,但英语不说guidesbtodosth。汉语说“祝贺某人做某事”,但英语不说congratulatesbtodosth。汉语说“阻止某人做某事”,但英语不说preventsbtodosth。汉语说“通知某人做某事”,但英语不说informsbtodosth。汉语说“欢迎某人做某事”,但英语不说welcomesbtodosth。汉语说“陪伴某人做某事”,但英语不说accompanysbtodosth。要表示以上汉语意思,英语需改用其他说法。如:advisesbtodosth建议某人做某事wishsbtodosth/hopeforsbtodosth希望某人做某事arrnageforsbtodosth安排某人做某事demandofsbtodosth要求某人做某事thanksbfordoingsth感谢某人做了某事congratulatesbondoingsth祝贺某人做了某事preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事等等。8.Nowadayseveryonehopesto______goodeducationsoastogetagoodjobinthefuture.A.acceptB.acceptaC.receiveD.receivea【陷阱】容易误选A或B。因为accept与receive的基本区别是前者表示“接受”,后者表示“收到”,而汉语通常是说“接受教育”,而不是说“收到教育”,所以选A或B,【分析】其实上,此题的正确答案是D,因为英语中习惯说receiveagoodeducation,而不说acceptagoodeducation。另外,education表示抽象意义的“教育”时,不可数,但表示“一种教育”或“一段教育”时,可与不定冠词连用。9.Wearingdarkglassescan_______youreyesfromthesun.A.careB.preventC.defendD.protect【陷阱】容易误选B。因为许多同学一看到题干中的from,再联系到选项中的prevent,便马上想起了prevent…from…这个常用搭配。【分析】在preventAfromB这一句式中,A和B通常具有主谓关系,如在Therainpreventedusfromgoingout(下雨使我们不能出去)中,“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点。此题正确答案应是D,protect…from…意为“保护……免受……”。10.Mr.Smithwasingreatneedofmoney,sohe____$2000forhiscar.A.paidB.tookC.costD.spent148 【陷阱】容易误选A,误选的依据是pay…for…这一搭配。【分析】若单独说Hepaid$2000forthecar(他付了2000美元买这车)是完全可以的,但问题是,本句前面有这样一句Hewasingreatneedofmoney(他急需要钱),既然是“急需要钱”,又怎么还会花2000美元去买车呢?尤其还需注意的是car前的物主代词his,这说明是为自己的车花2000美元钱,不合情理。此题的正确答案是B,take在此表示“获得”、“得到”,句意为“他急需要钱,把自己的车以2000美元给卖掉了”。11.Therearemanykinds_____,butIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing【陷阱】此题容易误选C。【分析】其实应选B。choose表示“选择”,其实是指“选择出来”(pickout),而不是指“从……选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用choosefrom,有时也用chooseamong。同样地,下面两例中的介词from也不可省略:Herearesomedictionariesforyouchoosefrom.这些词典可供你选择。Infact,therearevariouscolorstochoosefrom.事实上,有各种各样的颜色可供选择。比较:Hechosearedone.他选了一个红色的。Hechosefromsomeredones.他从一些红色的当中去选。Hedidn’tknowwhichtochoose.他不知道选哪个。Hedidn’tknowwhichtochoosefrom.他不知道从哪个当中去选。请做以下试题(答案选D):(1)“Wehavesentouttwobestplayerstothesportsmeet.Whataboutyou?”“Well,notyet.Wehavefew______,I’dsay.”A.chosenB.tochooseC.tobechosenD.tochoosefrom(2)“I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.”“Well,wehaveseveralmodels______.”A.topickupB.topickC.tochooseD.tochoosefrom12.I_____himnottogoabroad,buthewouldn’tlisten.A.persuadedB.triedtopersuadeC.havepersuadedD.waspersuaded【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】正确答案为B。persuade的真正意思是“说服”,而不是“设法说服”,要表示后者的意思英语应用trytopersuade(当然也可用其他词,如advise等)。类似地:148 (1)kill的意思是“杀死”,不表示“设法杀死”,要表示后者的意思英语用trytokill。(2)prevent的意思是“阻止”,不表示“设法阻止”,要表示后者的意思英语用trytoprevent。13.Whenshecameseveraldayslater,shefoundthatallthingsstill_______whereshehad_______them.A.lay;laidB.laid;laidC.lay;lainD.lying;lain【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式lay;第二空laid,它是lay(放,置)的过去分词,句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意lie,lay的以下用法及词形变换:(1)lay有两个常见意思:一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物),二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如:Layyourcoatonthebed.把你的外衣放在床上。Areyourhenslayingyet?你的母鸡下蛋了吗?Willyoupleaselaythetablefordinner?请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?(2)lie有三个主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词。如:Don’tlieinbedallmorning.别一个上午都躺在床上。Thebooklayopenonthedesk.那本书摊开着放在桌上。Don’tlayyourcoatonthebed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。Thesmalltownliesamongthemountains.小镇位于群山之中。I’msorryIliedtoyou.我很抱歉向你撒了谎。(3)这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:意思现在分词过去式过去分词lie躺,平放,位于(vi.)lyinglaylainlie说谎(vi.)lyingliedliedlay放(vt.),下蛋(vi.&vt.)layinglaidlaid请做下题(答案均为B):(1)Thehens_____50eggslastweek,butthisweektheyaren’t_____.A.lay,lyingB.laid,layingC.lay,layingD.lied,lying148 (2)Thegirl______ontheground_____tomethathad_____thepurseonthedesk.A.lying,lay,laidB.lying,lied,laidC.lie,lied,layD.lay,lied,lain 14.He_____avisittothefactoryandwaswarmly_____bytheworkersthere.A.took,welcomeB.took,welcomedC.paid,welcomeD.paid,welcomed【陷阱】容易误选A或C。因为许多同学会模仿come→came→come的变化形式,想当然地认为welcome的变化形式是welcome→welcame→welcome。【分析】此题第一空应填动词paid,因为payavisitto(拜访)是惯用搭配,其中的pay不能换成take。第二空要填welcomed,因为welcome用作动词时,其过去式和过去分词均为welcomed,即它是规则动词。有的同学也许会问,我们不是常说Youarewelcome吗?为什么其中的welcome未用welcomed呢?那是因为此处的welcome为形容词,而不是动词。15.Theboysaidthatthefishhismothercookedtasted______.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】按英语语法,连系动词后通常接形容词作表语,而不接副词,据此可以排除选项B和D。但到底是应选A还是C呢?许多同学凭感觉认为tastetobegood似乎很通顺,于是选了C。但是,错了,正确答案应是A。原因是用作连系动词的taste后习惯上不接tobe。如:这棵树上的苹果味道很好。正:Theapplesfromthistreetastedelicious.误:Theapplesfromthistreetastetobedelicious.类似地,feel,smell,sound等连系动词后习惯上也不接不定式tobe。如:你的想法听起来很好。正:Yourideasoundsagoodone.误:Yourideasoundstobeagoodone.玫瑰发出香气。正:Rosessmellsweet.误:Rosessmelltobesweet.比较:seem,appear,prove,turnout,continue等连系动词后可以接不定式tobe,也可省略tobe。如:Sheseems(tobe)alittletired.她似乎有点累。148 Heappears(tobe)quiteyoung.他显得年轻。Theexaminationturnedout(tobe)quiteeasy.结果考试相当容易。Theweathercontinued(tobe)fine.天气仍然很好。注:用作连系动词的look后能否接tobe,各语法家意见不一:有的认为可接tobe,有的认为不能接tobe。为此,建议同学们以不接tobe为宜。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.We’resobusythatnooneintheofficecan_____foranyotherwork.A.spareB.besparedC.shareD.beshared2.Heregardsthatbook_____oneoftheworstthathe’s_____read.A.tobe,everB.tobe,neverC.as,everD.as,never3.“Didyougetajob?”“No,I______,butit’snouse.”A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned4.“DoyouknowthatJack______apostmanforaboutsixyears?”“Yes,Isee.”A.hasbecomeB.hasturnedC.haschangedD.hasbeen5.Thethingthat______isnotwhetheryoufailornot,butwhetheryoutryornot.A.mattersB.caresC.considersD.minds6.Idon’twantthegreencoat.Itisredandblackcoloursthat______meverywell.A.suitB.fitC.suitsD.fits7.“Willanotherfiftybeenough?”“Justtwentywill______.”A.workB.doC.suitD.fit8.Goodbye,MrCarter—mysecretarywill_____youtothedoor.A.sendB.leadC.driveD.show9.Thiskindofcancercanbecured,provideditis______early.A.gotB.gainedC.seenD.caught148 10.Wehaven’tenoughbooksforeveryone;someofyouwillhaveto_____.A.helpB.enjoyC.shareD.spare11.Heaskedhertomarryhimandshe_____him.A.answeredB.receivedC.acceptedD.agreed12.Myworstfearswere_____whenIsawwhattheexamquestionswere.A.doneB.seenC.finishedD.realized13.Theplanlooksgoodonpaper,butwillit_____?A.workB.passC.agreeD.does14.What’sthematterwiththeradio?Whyisn’tit_____?A.broadcastingB.workingC.doingD.sounding15.Highunemployment_____thegovernmentbillionsofpoundsinlosttaxes.A.spendsB.takesC.usesD.costs16.It’shardtorescuedrowningpeoplebecausethey_____somuch.A.sinkB.swimC.jumpD.struggle17.Shewenttothestationtomeetherhusband,but_____himinthecrowd.A.passedB.recognizedC.missedD.lost18.ImissedwhatwashappeningbecauseIwasn’t______veryclosely.A.noticingB.runningC.watchingD.glancing19.Ifyoulendmeapound,itwill_____mehavingtogotothebank.A.saveB.shareC.serveD.help20.Don’t_______yourbreathtryingtopersuadethem;they’llneverlisten.A.useB.wasteC.spendD.put21.Hehasspentlittletimeonhislessonsthisterm,sohe_____tofailtheexam.148 A.expectsB.hopesC.wishesD.requires22.Hewillnever______anythingifhedoesn’tworkhard.A.hopeB.wishC.achieveD.succeed【答案与解析】1.选B,spare在表示“腾出或省去(多余的人或物)”。2.选C,regard…as…的意思“把……当作……”,其中的介词as不能换成tobe。3.选B。Itriedto为Itriedtogetajob之省略。4.选D。因为A、B、C均为终止性动词,均不能连用foraboutsixyears这样的一段时间。5.选A。matter在此的意思是“要紧”、“关系重大”。6.选A。填空句为强调句,强调主语redandblackcolours,故其后的谓语要用复数,即排除C和D。另外,fit与suit区别是:fit表示“适合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物),主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合,而suit表示“适合”,主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。7.选B。do在此表示“够”、“足够”、“适合”、“行”、“可以”等义。又如:Thiswillneverdo!这事永远不可以。I’mhungry.Getmesomethingtoeat.Anythingwilldo.我饿了,给我弄点吃的东西,什么都行。8.选D。showsbtothedoor意为“送某人到门口”。注意,其中的介词to不可省略,否则就成了showsbthedoor(驱赶某人,下逐客令)。另外,也不要按汉语意思选A,因为send通常表示派人送,而不表示亲自送。9.选D,catch在此表示“发现”,句中的provided用作连词,意为“如果”。10.选C。既然书不够,不能每人一本,所以有些人只能share(分享)了。11.选C。accept意为“同意”、“接受”,注意不能选D,因为agree后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。12.选D。realize在此的意思不是“实现”,而是指“使(不安、恐惧等)成为事实”。13.选A,work在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。14.选B。work在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。15.选D。spend和cost均可表示“花费”,但句型不同:spend+时间或金钱+onsth(indoingsth),cost+某人或某机构+金钱或时间。16.选D。由句意和常识推知。17.选C。miss指“错过”。148 18.选C,由句子的语境可推知。19.选A,save指“省去(劳力等)”。20.选B。21.选A,expects在此不是表示“期待”,而是表示“预料”。22.选C,achieve意为“完成”、“做到”。其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。短语动词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Whenherealizedthepolicehadseenhim,theman______theexitasquicklyaspossible.A.madeoffB.madeforC.madeoutD.madeup【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】正确答案应选B。makefor意为“移向,走向”。最具干扰性的选项是A,因为makeoff的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能选A,是因为makeoff不及物,其后不能接宾语;而makefor是及物的,其后可以接宾语。另外两个选项的意思是:makeout指“勉强了解,开出(支票等),成功”;makeup指“弥补,虚构,整理,编辑,化妆”。2.Nowandthentheywould ______ourhouseandhaveatalkwithus.A.callonB.dropinatC.dropinonD.dropin【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。【分析】答案应选B。dropin意为“顺便走访,不预先通知的拜访”,为不及物动词,其后不接宾语,若要接宾语,遵循以下原则:表示拜访某人,后接介词on;表示拜访某地,后接介词at。call表示“拜访”时也遵循以上原则,即callat后接地点,callon后接人。3.“Whydidn’tyouwrite?”“Myinkhas_______.”148 A.usedupB.runoutofC.givenawayD.givenout【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。giveout有很多意思,如表示“分发,发出(气味、热等),发表,用尽,精疲力竭”等,此题取其“用尽”之义。选项A和B很具干扰性,它们均可表示“用完,用尽”,但是它们是及物的,其后应接宾语。假若将选项A改为beenusedup也可以选。4.Ithinkyourhealthwillsoon______ifyouhaveaholidayontheseaside.A.giveupB.pickupC.takeupD.getup【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。【分析】答案选B。pickup的意思很多,其中一个用法是表示“恢复,改进,改善”。如:Theweathermaypickup.天气会好转的。Businessispickingupagain.生意又有所好转。除此之处还可表示“拿起,捡起;收拾,整理;学会,获得;(用车)来接,去取;重新开始,继续;感染(疾病、坏习惯等)”等。其他几个选项的意思分别为:giveup意为“放弃”;takeup意为“开始(学习或从事等),继续,占去,接纳,提出”;getup意为“起床”。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Tooursurprisethestranger_____tobeanoldfriendofmymother’s.A.turnedoutB.turnedupC.setoutD.setup2.Allthegirlsswaminthelakeexcepttwo,who_____halfway.A.gaveoffB.gaveupC.gaveawayD.gaveout3.Ifthenewarrangementdoesn’t_____,we’llgobacktotheoldone.A.workoverB.workoutC.workupD.workin4.“Havegreatchangestakenplaceinyourvillage?”“Yes,Anewschoolwas______inthevillagelastyear.”A.heldupB.setupC.sentupD.broughtup5.Ihadto______becausesomeoneelsewantedtousethephone.148 A.giveupB.putupC.hangupD.ringup6.Elephantswould______ifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.A.diedownB.dieoutC.dieawayD.dieoff7.Mystudyofbiologyhas___C___muchofmysparetime,butithasgivenmeagreatdealofenjoyment.A.takenoffB.takendownC.takenupD.takenaway8.Theplan___justbecausepeoplewereunwillingtoco-operate(合作).A.brokedownB.pulleddownC.turneddownD.putdown9.Thegovernmenthas_______theparentstoworkwithteachersintheeducationoftheirchildren.A.askedforB.calledforC.lookedforD.paidfor10.Johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto______allhistrouserstohismeasure.A.letoutB.giveawayC.bringinD.makeup11.Ican______somenoisewhileI’mstudying,butIcan’tstandveryloudnoise.A.putupwithB.getridofC.haveeffectonD.keepawayfrom12.Themotheroftentellshersontobeagoodboy,warninghimto______trouble.A.holdbackfromB.keepoutofC.breakawayfromD.getridof13.Tomysurprise,themanager______30dollarsfrommysalarywithoutanygoodreason.A.cutoffB.heldupC.broughtdownD.keptback14.Stevenhasalotofworkto_______intheofficesincehehasbeenawayforquiteafewdays.A.takeupB.makeupC.workoutD.carryout148 15.AlthoughJaneagreeswithmeonmostpoints,therewasoneonwhichshewasunwillingto_______.A.giveoutB.giveinC.giveawayD.giveoff16.Youshould______whatyourparentsexpectofyou.A.liveuptoB.standuptoC.lookuptoD.runupto17.Icanhardlybelievemyeyes.Whatapoorcompositionyouhave_______.Therearesomanywrongspellingsinit.A.turnedintoB.turnedoffC.turnedtoD.turnedin18.“Whydon’twegoforapicnicthisweekend?”“Goodidea!Iwould______thecarandyou’llpreparethefood.”A.lookafterB.takecareofC.seeaboutDgetdownto19.HowIwishthatIcould______myideasinsimpleandwonderfulEnglishwhenchattingonthenet.A.setoutB.setoffC.setoverD.setup20.Somekindsofanimalscan_______thecolouroftheirsurroundings.A.takeonB.dressupC.putonD.getinto【答案与解析】1.选A。turnout意为“结果是,原来是”等;turnup意为“找到,发现,出现,开大音量”等;setout意为“开始,出发,陈述”等;setup意为“设立,竖立,架起,升起,创(纪录),提出”等。2.选B。giveup意为“放弃”;giveout意为“分发,发出(气味、热等),发表,用尽,精疲力竭”;giveaway意为“送掉,分发,放弃,泄露,出卖”;giveoff意为“发出(蒸汽、光等),长出(枝、杈等)”。3.选B。workout在此表示“有预期结果”;workover意为“调查,重做”;workup意为“逐步建立,逐步发展”;workin意为“配合,引进”。4.选B。setup意为“建立”;holdup意为“举起,支撑,继续下去,阻挡,拦截”;sendup意为“发出,射出,长出,使上升”;bringup意为“教育,培养,提出”。148 5.选C。giveup指“放弃”,putup指“举起,架起,修建,张贴”等,hangup指“挂断(电话)”,ringup指“给某人打电话”。6.选B。dieaway指“(声音、风、光线等)渐息,渐弱”;diedown指“(慢慢)熄灭,平静下来”;dieoff指“一个一个地死去”;dieout指“(家族、种族、习俗、观念等)灭绝,绝迹”。7.选C。takeup意为“开始(学习或从事等),继续,占去,接纳,提出”;takeoff意为“脱下,起飞,打折,请假”;takeaway意为“取走”;takedown意为“写下,拆下”。8.选A。breakdown意为“中止,毁掉,压倒,停顿,倒塌”;pulldown意为“摧毁,推翻,使降低,使身体变差”;turndown意为“拒绝,关小音量,减弱,降低”;putdown意为“放下,拒绝,镇压,削减,记下”。9.选B。callfor意为“要求,提倡”;askfor意为“请求,索要”;lookfor意为“寻找”;payfor意为“为……付钱”。10.选A。letout意为“放掉,泄露,放大,出租”;giveaway意为“送掉,分发,放弃,泄露,出卖,让步”;bringin意为“生产,挣得,介绍引进”;makeup意为“弥补,虚构,缝制,整理,和解,编辑,化妆”。11.选A。putupwith意为“忍受,容忍”;getridof意为“摆脱,消除,去掉”;haveeffecton意为“对……有影响”;keepawayfrom意为“远离,不接近”。12.选B。holdbackfrom意为“向……隐瞒”;keepoutof意为“使在……之外”;breakawayfrom意为“脱离”;getridof意为“摆脱,消除,去掉”。13.选D。keepback意为“扣下,留下,阻挡,隐瞒”;holdup意为“举起,支撑”;bringdown意为“打倒,击落,打死,降低”;cutoff意为“切断,断绝”。14.选B。makeup意为“弥补,虚构,整理,编辑,化妆”;takeup意为“拿起,开始从事,继续,吸收”;workout意为“计算出,设计出,有预期结果”;carryout意为“完成,实现,贯彻,执行”。15.选B。givein意为“让步,屈服,上交”;giveaway意为“分发,赠送,背弃,出卖,泄漏”;giveoff意为“发出(光、热、声音、气味等)”;giveout意为“分发,散发,用完,耗尽,垮掉,失灵,出故障,发表,公布,发出(热、声音、信号等)”。16.选A。liveupto意为“实践,做到”;standupto意为“勇敢地抵抗”;lookupto意为“尊敬,仰望”;runupto意为“达到,积累到”。17.选D。turnin意为“上交,归还”;turninto意为“进入,(使)变成”;turnto意为“转向,变成,求助于,致力于”;turnoff意为“关掉,避开”。18.选C。seeabout意为“查询,留意于”;lookafter和takecareof均表示为“照顾,关心”;getdownto意为“开始认真考虑”。148 19.选A。setout意为“陈述,陈列,出发,开始”;setoff意为“出发,动身”;setover意为“移交,置于……上,指派……管理”;setup意为“设立,竖立,架起,升起,创(纪录),提出”。20.选A。takeon意为“披上,呈现,具有,雇用,接纳,流行”;dressup意为“打扮,装饰,伪装”;puton意为“穿上,把……放在上,装出,增加”;getinto意为“进入,陷入,穿上”。情态动词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“Mikeisoftenabsentfromclass.”“Tellhimhe_____answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.”A.shallB.willC.wouldD.can【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。shall用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法:(1)用于疑问句中征求意见。如:ShallIhelpyou?要不要我帮帮你?ShallIopenthewindow?要我把窗子打开吗?(2)用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如:Youshallsufferforthis.你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)Youshallheareverythingassoonasyoucome.你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)请做以下试题(答案均选shall):(1)“Ipromisethatshe_____getanicepresentonherbirthday.”“Willitbeagreatsurprisetoher?”148 A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall2.You_______paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.A.cannotB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达,意为“不可能太……,无论怎样……也不算过分,越……越……”。如:Youcan’tbetoocareful.你越仔细越好。Youcan’tpraisethetoomuch.这本书值得大加赞扬。Wecannotworktoomuchforthepeople.我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。Awomancannothavetoomanyclothes.女人买的衣服再多也不算多。注:有时也可用cannever,impossible等与too连用来表示类似意思。如:Itisimpossibletogettheretoosoon.去那儿越早越好。3.“IsJohncomingbytrain?”“Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.”A.mustB.canC.needD.may【陷阱】可能误选B或C。【分析】最佳答案为D。may表推测,maynot意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的Heshould为Heshouldcomebytrain之省略,由于其后出现转折连词but,说明语意有变化,再结合下文的Helikesdrivinghiscar,便可决定此题选D。注意,不能选B,因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。4.“Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.”“It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.”A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为C,主要由下文的becausetherewaslittlesnowthere这一语境所决定,既然“没下什么雪”,那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”,所以选couldn’tbe,即选C。5.“Doyouthinkheislazy?”“I_____soonce,butIdon’tnow.”A.mayhavethoughtB.canhavethoughtC.maythinkD.mightthink答案选A。从答话人的语境可知,空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”,即对过去情况作推测,故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”;又因为can表推测不用于肯定句,故选A。请看类例:148 Theiranswersareexactlythesame—oneofthem______fromtheother.A.mustcopyB.musthavecopiedC.shouldcopyD.shouldhavecopied答案选B,既然两人的答案完全一样,说明“抄袭”已经发生,故用“情态动词+动词完成式”,根据句意,应选B而不能选D。6.You_____beright,butIdon’tthinkyouare.A.canB.couldC.mustD.should【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】从语境上看,C、D不宜选,在剩下的A和B中,许多同学想当然地选了A,认为整个句子为现在时态,所以选can,而不选过去式could,但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法,情态动词can用于推测表示可能性时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,而不用于肯定句中;但could用于表推测时,却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句,也可用于肯定句,且此时的could并不是can的过去式,与can也没有时间上的差别,只是could比can语气更委婉,所以答案选B。注:can在以下特殊情况下,也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性,即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的,但是实际上未必会发生。如:Anyonecanmakemistakes.任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be(get,seem,become)+形容词”,表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如:Myfathercanbeveryunreasonable.我父亲有时候很不讲道理。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.“Ithoughtyouwouldn’tmind.”“Well,asamatteroffactIdon’t,butyou_____mefirst.”A.shouldaskB.shouldhaveaskedC.mustaskD.musthaveasked2.“Icalledyouyesterday.Awomananswered,butIdidn’trecognizehervoice.”“Oh,it_____myauntJean.”A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.mightbeD.canhavebeen3.Thatcarnearlyhitme;I______.A.mightbekilledB.mighthavebeenkilledC.maybekilledD.maybeenkilled4.It’saverykindoffer,butIreally_____acceptit.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t5.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundher,butthey’redoingallthey_____.A.mayB.can148 C.mustD.will6.You_____practisethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A.needn’tB.mightn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t7.You_____himthenews;heknewitalready.A.needn’ttellB.needn’thavetoldC.mightn’ttellD.mightn’thavetold8.Asshe’snothere,Isupposeshe_____home.A.mustgoB.musthavegoneC.mightgoD.mightbegoing9.Areyoustillhere?You______homehoursago.A.shouldgoB.shouldhavegoneC.mightgoD.mayhavegone10.“Icalledyouyesterday.Awomananswered,butIdidn’trecognizehervoice.”“Oh,it_____myauntJean.”A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.mightbeD.canhavebeen11.I_______havemethimalongtimeago.Bothhisnameandfaceareveryfamiliar.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should13.“Shallwegoshopping?”“Sorry,we_______buyanythingnowbecausenoneoftheshopsareopen.”A.mustn’t B.needn’tC.can’t D.shouldn’t14.Theyoftengototherestaurantsformeals.They_____beverypoor.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.needn’t15.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She______havespokenatthemeeting.A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t17.He______thetestagain,inwhichcase,hismotherwillbeverydisappointed.A.mightfailB.musthavefailedC.shouldfailD.couldhavefailed148 18.“Whydidn’tshecometothemeetingyesterday?”“I’mnotsosure.She______ill.”A.shouldbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen19.Whydidyoujustsitandwatch?You_______me.A.couldhelpB.shouldhelpC.couldhavehelpedD.musthavehelped20.“You______yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind-hearted.”“Yes.Awholeday_______.”A.canask,willwasteB.musthaveasked,hadwastedC.couldhaveasked,waswastedD.shouldn’thaveasked,wouldbewasted21.“IsthereaflighttoLondonthisevening?”“There_______be.I’llphonetheairportandfinditout.”A.mustB.mightC.wouldD.can22.“Showmeyourpermit,please.”“Oh,it’snotinmypocket.It______.”A.mightfalloutB.couldfalloutC.shouldhavefallenoutD.musthavefallenout23.“Lookatthesetracks.It_______beawolf.”“Don’tbesosure.Ithinkit_______beafox.”A.must;couldB.may;mightC.need;mustD.could;need25.“DidJimcome?”“Idon’tknow.He_______whileIwasout.”A.mighthavecomeB.mightcomeC.mushhavecomeD.shouldhavecome【答案与解析】1.选B,should后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”,此处含有责备之意。2.选B,对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词+动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B。注:can表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。3.选B,表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事,用might+动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事,则可用 may[might]+动词完成式,如Hemay[might]havegone.他可能已经走了。148 4.选C。由句意可知。5.选B,doallonecan意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。6.选C,mustn’t在此相当于can’t,且语气更强。7.选B,“needn’t+动词完成式”的意思是:本来不必做某事,但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的,因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意,句中knew为过去式。8.选B,must后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测,意为“一定已经做了某事”。9.选B,should后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”。10.选B,对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词+动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B。注:can表示推测通常不用于肯定句。12.选A。mayhavedonesth表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测,意为“可能曾经”。13.选C。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t意为“不能”。14.选B。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t表推测,意为“不不能”。16.选D。couldn’thavedonesth表示对过去情况进行推测,意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。17.选A。根据下文的willbe可知,“他考试再不及格”是将来的事,据此可排除B和D。再根据语意,排除C。18.选D。从时间上看,由于是昨天没来开会,所以推测他生病也应指昨天,故排除A和C。从语境上看,既然上文说I’mnotsosure,那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选D。19.选C。根据上文的过去时态可知,此句谈的是过去的事,故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。20.选C。couldn’thavedonesth结构在此表示责备,指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填waswasted,陈述的是过去的一事实。21.选B。根据下文的I’llphonetheairportandfinditout可知,说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选might。若选A,语气太强,不合语境;若选D,不合语法习惯,因为can表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。22.选D。既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”,那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去,故排除A和B。比较选项C和D所表示的意思,选D更恰当。24.选A。根据Don’tbesosure可知前面一空应填must。第二空填的could表示推测,虽为过去式形式,但表示现在意义,语气较委婉,它与表推测的can主要用于否定句和疑问句不同,它可以用于肯定陈述句。25.选A。根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去,故排除B;根据Idon’tknow可知选项C语气太肯定,不合适;选项D的意思是“本来应该来”,与语境不合。148 非谓语动词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.A.practiseB.topractiseC.practisingD.practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.148 (6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone【陷阱】容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题,答案也是B:Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned再请看以下试题:Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。148 (5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选A):(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。【分析】其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie148 的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take【陷阱】容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)请看两个例句:Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。148 【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo【陷阱】容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。【分析】正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事objecttodoingsth反对做某事sticktodoingsth坚持做某事getdowntodoingsth开始做某事taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事admittodoing承认做了某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying【陷阱】容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。【分析】答案应选C。其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。148 10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype【陷阱】容易误选D,根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。【分析】最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid但是,下面一题稍有不同:Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened此题答案选B,leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关,leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.A.be,todoB.was,doing148 C.be,doingD.was,todo【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下:(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构。另外,还有makethemostof(尽量利用),makethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built此题答案选A,不是B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation由此可见,makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade此题答案选B,不是A。句子主语是theway,youthoughtof是修饰主语的定语从句,不定式tomakethewaterclean也是修饰主语的定语,也就是说,句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout。请做以下类似试题:(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo148 在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出:Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出:Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?由此可知上面题答案为A。(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday为句子主语,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题:(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came答案选D,句子主语为theman,youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语。(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.A.provesB.prove148 C.provingD.beproved答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.A.wasB.beC.beingD.been答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are答案选C,而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词。(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove答案选B,而不选C。句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语。(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.148 A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed【陷阱】容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B:_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的):_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句):(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking148 (3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如:(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等(填空句为祈使句):(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句:(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.148 A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting148 2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.putB.putting148 C.toputD.tobeputting13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegun148 C.beginningD.begun23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken28.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto29._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken30.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby31.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained32.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening33.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering34.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.A.postingB.topost148 C.tobepostingD.haveposted35.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold36.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going37._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given38._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding39.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars40.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung41.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled42.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen43.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited44.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed45.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?148 A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade46.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed47.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith48.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush49.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing【答案与解析】1.选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。2.选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。3.选C。句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式。4.选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B。5.选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。6.选A。根据句中的studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A。7.选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。8.选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。148 9.选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。10.选C。leadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C。11.选D。lookforwardto意为“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选B,因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语,假若在payingavisit后加上介词to,则可选B。12.选A。句首的totesteggs为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形。13.选B。现在分词短语表伴随。14.选C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。15.选A。(be)losttosth为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。16.选C。因keys与find是被动关系。17.选A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合tellsb(not)todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to。18.选B。find后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he与smoke是主动关系,故选B。19.选D。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项,findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故选D。20.选B。thekeyto…意为“……的关键”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面,名词demand与make是被动关系(makedemands提出要求),同时根据句中的bythecustomers,可确定答案选B。21.选C。答句是针对疑问词what的回答,而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适。其完整回答形式为LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑问词why:“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”A.ChooseB.ChoosingC.TochooseD.Chosen22.选D。由于theresearch与begin是被动关系,故用过去分词begun。Oncebegun可视为onceitisbegun之省略。23.选C。由于hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为lack是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选C。148 24.选D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。25.C。第一空填sung,因为song与sing是被动关系;第二空填sing,因为you与sing是主动关系。27.选A。untilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略。28.选C,不定式短语tosenditto用作这语,修饰其前的名词theperson。注意句尾的介词to不能省略,因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语。29.选C。thismedicine与动词take为被动关系,故用过去分词。30.选A。从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着。31.选A。goondoingsth=继续做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事。32.选C。excusesbfordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”。33.选C。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。34.选A。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事。35.选B。根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。36.选D。一是分清以下两个结构:remembertodosth=记住做某事,rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed。37.选D。由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选D。其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略。38.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有in1636,故选C。注意不能选B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。39.选D,由于remain为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式toremain用作修饰20dollars的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为remain不及物)。现在分词remaining的意思是“剩下的”。40.选B。动词hang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。41.选C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心。42.选B。remain作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语。由于see与it(形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式。148 43.选D。否定词not应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D。44.选D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。45.选B。tomakehersohappy是结果状语。注意词序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比较下面一题(答案选D):Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade46.选B。否定词not应放在-ing形式之前,逻辑主语his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因为thechild与allow是被动关系,故选B。47.选D。markedwith可视为whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。48.选B。注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。49.选B。不定式表目的。虚拟语气考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_____ittoyounow.A.willshowB.wouldshowC.amgoingtoshowD.amshowing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即or=ifIdidn’tforgetwhereIreadthearticle(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。2.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._____.”A.He’dbettergiveupdrinkingB.Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuch148 C.HealthismoreimportantthandrinkD.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是受句中drunk一词的影响。【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是Itlooksasifheweredrunk中的虚拟语气,句子既然用了虚拟语气,也就是说,“他喝醉了”不是事实,只是他的言行好像是醉了,所以此题的最佳答案是D。3.“Marylookshotanddry”“So_____youifyouhadsohighafever.”A.doB.areC.willD.would【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者,认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者,认为其后带有if条件状语从句,从语气上看,主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下:(1)“so+助动词+主语”是一个很有用的结构,它表示“……也一样”时。如:HelikestowatchTV,andsodoI.他喜欢看电视,我也一样。Whenanimalsandplantsdisappear,sowillman.当动植物消失的时候,人类也会随之消失。(2)由于空格后的if条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息),所以主句要用would而不用will,即答案应选D。4.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe_____thedayaftertomorrow.”A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的Hewillcometomorrow以及下文的时间状语thedayaftertomorrow似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【分析】但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯,wouldrather后接that从句时,从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气,即用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示过去。又如:I’dratheryouleftrightnow.我宁愿你现在就离开。Iwouldmuchratheritwasforgotten.我更愿这事被遗忘掉。I’dratherhehadn’ttoldmeaboutit.我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题(答案均为B):(1)“ShallIcometomorrow?”“I’dratheryou______.”A.won’tB.didn’tC.don’tD.wouldn’t(2)“I’vetoldhimaboutit.”“ButI’dratheryou______.”A.didn’tB.hadn’t148 C.don’tD.wouldn’t(3)“Hewilltakeyouaswell.”“ButI’dratherhe______.”A.won’tB.didn’tC.doesn’tD.wouldn’t5.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe____atonce.A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedonC.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,有时不用,具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来,若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意,可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):(1)Thepatientinsistedthathe_______illand_______tothehospital.A.wasn’t,wasn’tsentB.wasn’t,shouldn’tbesentC.shouldn’tbe,wasn’tsentD.shouldn’tbe,shouldn’tbesent(2)Themaninprisoninsistedthathe_______nothingwrongand_______setfree.A.shoulddo,shouldbeB.haddone,shouldbeC.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen(3)Iadvisedthathe______tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe______quitewellthen.A.wassent;feltB.besent;wasfeelingC.hesent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel6.______smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveD.Ifhegaveup【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D,是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是wouldnothavegot,这表明是对过去事实作出的假设,所以从句谓语应该是hadgivenup,而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外,当虚拟条件句中有had,should,were等词时,通常可以省略if,并将had,should,were提前置于句首。又如:148 Weretheytoceaseadvertising,priceswouldcomedown.=Iftheyweretoceaseadvertising,priceswouldcomedown.如果他们停止做广告,价钱会降下来。HadIbeenthere,Iwouldhavefilmedtheoccasion.=IfIhadbeenthere,Iwouldhavefilmedtheoccasion.如果我在那里,我会把那场面拍摄下来了。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou_____.”A.doB.didC.hadD.would2.IfIhadn’tbeenluckyenoughtomeetyou.Ireally_____whatIwouldhavedone.A.don’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.wasn’tknowingD.wouldn’tknow3.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou_____.”A.don’tB.hadn’tC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t4.Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughithadn’trained,we_____therebytomorrow.A.can’tgetB.won’tgetC.hadn’tgotD.wouldn’tget5.“Doyouknowhisaddress?”“No,IalsowishI_____wherehe_____.”A.knew,liveB.knew,livesC.know,livesD.know,lived6.“Isn’titabouttimeyou_____todomorningexercises?”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus?”A.beginB.havebegunC.beganD.hadbegun7.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall8.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored9.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.148 A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie10.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight____forustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly11.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she____somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid12.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot13.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken14.Butforthehelpyougaveme,I_______theexaminations.A.wouldhavepassedB.wouldpassC.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass【答案与解析】1.选B。It’stimeyoudid为It’stimeyouthankedAuntLucyforherpresent之略。按照英语语法,it’stime后从句通常要用过去式。2.选A。虽然前有虚拟条件句,后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语,但Idon’tknow却宜用一般现在时,因为Idon’tknow表述的是现在的真实情况,句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你,我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。3.选B。I’drather后接从句时,从句谓语的时态规律是:用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示过去。4.选A。wecan’tgettherebytomorrow为客观事实,故宜用陈述语气。5.选B。第一空填knew,因为Iwish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives,即用陈述语气,因为wherehelives是一个客观事实,而不是Iwish的内容。6.选C。It’stime…/It’shightime…/It’sabouttime…等后接从句时,从句谓语通常用过去式。148 7.选B。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句,主句与现在事实相反,条件句与过去事实相反。句意为:要不是在七岁时就迷上了MelindaCox图书馆,我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。8.选D。这是otherwise引出的含蓄虚拟语气,再根据前面的hesitated可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,由此可推知答案选D。9.选C。ifonly意为“要是……就好了”,其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气,同时根据asthedoctorinstructed中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反,故选C。10.选A。without引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。11.选D。otherwise在此相当于ifshehadnotwalkedawayfromthediscussion,即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。12.选D。根据句中的didn’tletmedrive可知,这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句,条件句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词。13.选C。asif引导的句子,有时用虚拟语气,有时不用。原则上说,若指事实或可能为事实,不用虚拟语气;若指现在,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were);若指过去用过去完成时,若指将来用过去将来时或用weretodosth。又如下面一题要选C:Itseemsasifthesun____roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.werecirclingD.hasbeencircling14.选C。butfor的意思是“若不是,要不是”,用于引出与事实相反的假设,通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的thehelpyougaveme,可知它表示与过去事实相反,故选C。强调句型考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.____thatcausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.A.ItwaswebeinglateB.ItwasourbeinglateC.ItwasweweretoolateD.Itwasbecausewewerelate148 【陷阱】此题容易误选D,认为强调的是原因状语从句becausewewerelate。【分析】但实际上,此题的答案为B,强调的是句子主语ourbeinglate,此题若还原成非强调句,即为:Ourbeinglatecausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.注意,强调句的一个显著特点是,若去掉强调结构itis[was]…that…,句子仍然成立;换句话说,该结构中的that不能充当句子成分。2.“Howwas______theydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?”“Totallybychance.”A.itthatB.hethatC.itwhenD.hewhich【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。【分析】答案选A,为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为:Itwastotallybychancethattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.比较以下各题,它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式:(1)Whowasit_____savedthedrowninggirl?A.sinceB.asC.thatD.he答案选C,被强调成分为who,该句实为类似ItwasTomthatsavedthedrowninggirl.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom提问而得)。(2)Whatisit_____hisdaughterneedsmost?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if答案选C,被强调成分为what,该句实为类似Itisabikethathisdaughterneedsmost.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的abike提问而得)。3._____wasvery______thatlittleJimwrotetheletter.A.It,carefulB.It,carefullyC.He,carefulD.He,carefully【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,但最有可能误选的可能是A,认为这是一个普通的系表结构,即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。【分析】其实,此题是一个强调句,其非强调形式为LittleJimwrotetheletterverycarefully.若用itis…that…的强调句式强调其中的状语verycarefully即为上面一题的题干,所以答案应选B。请看下面几例,也属强调结构:(1)Itwaswhenshewasabouttogotobed______thetelephonerang.A.sinceB.asC.thatD.then答案选C,被强调成分为whenshewasabouttogotobed这一时间状语从句。(2)ItmayhavebeenatChristmas_____JohngaveMaryahandbag.148 A.beforeB.whoC.thatD.when答案选C,被强调成分为atChristmas,其中的动词be采用了mayhavebeen这一较为复杂的形式。4.“Wheredidyoufindtheprofessorwhomadethespeechyesterday?”“Itwasinthehall______thestudentsoftenhaveameeting.”A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when【陷阱】很可能误选C,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语inthehall。【分析】假若选C,即有Itwasinthehallthatthestudentsoftenhaveameeting,该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”,单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为ItwasinthehallthatIfoundtheprofessor,则完全可以。其实,此题的最佳答案是A,wherethestudentsoftenhaveameeting为定语从句,用以修饰其前的名词thehall,句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”,这样语意就通顺了。5.Itwaswhathemeantratherthanwhathesaid______annoyedme.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题为一个强调句型,空格处应填that(即选D),被强调成分为whathemeantratherthanwhathesaid。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例:(1)Itwashisnervousnessintheinterview______probablylosthimthejob.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.what答案选C,为强调句型,被强调成分为hisnervousnessintheinterview,句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张,使他失去了这份工作”。(2)Itistheabilitytodothejob______mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it答案选B,为强调句型,被强调成分为theabilitytodothejob,句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力,而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。6.Itwasinthesmallhouse______wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather______hespenthischildhood.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,where148 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是分不清为强调句型,或即使分清为强调句型,也分不清强调哪一个成分。【分析】答案选A,第一空填which,用以引导定语从句;第二空填that,为强调句的结构词,被强调部分为inthesmallhouse(以及修饰它的定语从句whichwasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子:(1)Itwastheboy_____hadbeeninprison_____stolethemoney.A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是theboy(以及修饰它的定语从句whohadbeeninprison)。(2)Itwasjustintheroom_____hewasborn_____hedied.A.where,whichB.that,thatC.where,thatD.which,that此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是inthisroom,wherehewasborn为修饰theroom的定语从句。7.Wasitfiveo’clock______thefirebrokeout?A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich【陷阱】容易误选B,误认为这是强调句。【分析】其实,此题应选A,这不是强调句。因为在强调句中,若去掉强调句的结构词itis[was]…that…,句子结构仍然完整,但此句不是这样,若去掉结构词,即为Fiveo’clockthefirebrokeout,句子不完整,但若在fiveo’clock前加上介词at则可以,因为atfiveo’clock用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为:it表时间,whenthefirebrokeout为时间状语从句,全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题(答案选B,为强调句):Wasitatfiveo’clock______thefirebrokeout?A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich8.“Wasitunderthetree_____youwereawaytalkingtoafriend?”“Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,thebikewasgone.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.while【陷阱】此题很容易误选A,认为这是强调句型。【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中,it是代词,指代the148 bike,句意为:“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候,你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然,但当我回来时,自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下,假若选A,将此句判为强调句,句子即为Wasitunderthetreethatyouwereawaytalkingtoafriend?若进一步转换为非强调句,句子则为Underthetreewhileyouweretalkingtoafriend,句意显然很荒唐。9.It’smorethanhalfacentury_____mygrandfatherjoinedthePartyandbecameaservanttothepeople.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.while【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是强调句型。【分析】假若选B,将此句分析为强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是MygrandfatherjoinedthePartyandbecameaservanttothepeoplemorethanhalfacentury.很显然,句中的morethanhalfacentury是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词joined…became却是两个终止性动词,这显然不合适。其实,此题应选C,属于“Itis+一段时间+since从句”句型,句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(hasbeen),但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。10.Itwaslackofmoney,notofeffort,_____defeatedtheirplan.A.whichB.asC.thatD.what【陷阱】容易误选A,受空格前逗号的影响,误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句,从而误选了A。【分析】其实,此题最佳答案为C,整个句子为强调句,被强调成分为lackofmoney,notofeffort。由于句中插入notofeffort这一结构,干扰了许多同学对itwaslackofmoneythatdefeatedtheirplan这一强调句的认识和理解。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.—Whoaremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?—_______thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare2.Itis_______heoftenfailsinexams______makeshisparentsworriedabouthim.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;thatD./;that3.Itistheprotectionforthetrees_______reallymatters,ratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.that148 C.不填D.which4.Itis_____myfatherworked_____Iworknow.A.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that5.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou6.Itwasteno’clock_____hecamebackhome.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.after7.Itwasnotuntilhecameback_____heknewthepolicewerelookingforhim.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.before【答案与解析】1.选A。为强调句型Itisthechildrenwhoaremakingsomuchnoise之省略。2.选C。为强调句型,被强调成分为主语从句thatheoftenfailsinexams。3.选B。为强调句型,句意为“真正重要的在于保护树,而不在于种多少树”。4.选A,整个句子为itwas…that…格式的强调句式,即第二空要填that;第一空填where,wheremyfatherworked为地点状语从句,为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。5.选A,为强调句的一般疑问句形式,其相应陈述句为ItwasyouthatIsaw…。6.选A。when表示“当……的时候”,句首的it表示时间,全句意为“当他回到家时,时间是10点钟。”7.选C。为Hedidn’tknowthepolicewerelookingforhimuntilhecameback之强调形式。注意,not…until…的强调句式通常为Itwasnotuntil…that…的形式。名词性从句考点148 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_______hesaidmeant.A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D,认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中,选项A肯定不行,因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分,所以便选择了B。【分析】正确答案选D。第一个what用作动词meant的宾语,第二个what用作动词said的宾语,即在noneofusunderstoodwhatwhathesaidmeant中,noneofusunderstood为主句,whatwhathesaidmeant为宾语从句,而在此宾语从句中又包括有whathesaid这样一个主语从句。2.After_______hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.A.whichB.howC.whatD.having【陷阱】可能误选A。【分析】最佳答案选C。有的同学误选A,是因为认为介词后应接关系代词which,但实际上,若填关系代词,其前没有先行词,这根据不是一个定语从句。另外,由于hadhappened缺主语,所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B):Hepointedto______lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as3.“Is______youwanttosay?”askedtheteacher.A.thisB.thatC.allthatD.thatall【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。【分析】最佳答案选D。假若选A或B,那么转换成陈述句即为:Thisisyouwanttosay./Thatisyouwanttosay.显然句中的两个谓语动词is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是Isthatallyouwanttosay?其中的that为句子主语,all为表语,youwanttosay为定语从句,用以修饰all。4.“When______leaveforJapan?”“When______leaveforJapaniskeptsecret.”A.theywill,willtheyB.willthey,theywillC.theywill,theywillD.willthey,willthey【陷阱】可能误选D,认为when后应用疑问句词序。148 【分析】最佳答案选B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句,故用疑问词序;第二个when引出的是主语从句,故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C):(1)Noneknowsif_______thatboy,butif_______him,herparentswillbedisappointed.A.shewillmarry,shewillmarryB.shemarries,shemarriesC.shewillmarry,shemarriesD.shemarries,shewillmarry(2)“Where_______gotowork?”“Where_______gotoworkisnotknown.”A.weshall,weshallB.shallwe,shallweC.shallwe,weshallD.weshall,shallwe5.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C,因为空格处实为一个宾语从句,所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面,但按英语习惯,当用于指代身份不明的人时,要用代词it,而不用he或she等。比较以下两句:MrSmithisatthedoor.Hewantstoseeyou.史密斯先生在门口,他想见你。Someoneisatthedoor.Itmaybethepostman.有个人在门口,可能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是MrSmith,所以后面用代词he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代词someone,说明此人身份尚不明确,故其后用了代词it来指代。6.Don’tyouknow,mydearfriend,______itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves?A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what【陷阱】此题容易误选A或B:选A的同学认为这是指人的,故用who;选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。【分析】其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句,用作动词know的宾语,它只是被句中的插入语mydearfriend隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C):(1)Everyoneknows,perhapsexceptyou,_______yourgirl-friendisacheat.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what(2)Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,______shelikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what(3)Hetoldmethenews,believeitornot,______hehadearned$1000inasingleday.A.thatB.which148 C.asD.because前面两题that引导宾语从句,后面一题that同位语从句(修饰thenews)。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and_______mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what2.Patienceisakindofquality—andthatis___A___ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.whichC.whichD.how3.Ithascometomynotice_______someofyouhavemissedclasses.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when4.“Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice?”“___Iwaslastnight.”A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What5.Countrylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet,whichis______hecan’tenjoywhilelivinginbigcities.A.thatB.whyC.whereD.what6.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how7._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that8._______wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether9.Peoplehaveheard_______thePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee_______hewilldo.148 A.how,howB.what,whatC.when,howD.that,what10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that11.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever12._______shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because13.Eat______cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor______comesinlate.A.any,whoB.every,whoeverC.whichever,whoeverD.either,whoever14.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.That’sbecause15.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever16._______medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion_______noteveryonecanunderstandfully.A.How;thatB.That;whichC.That;whichD.What;that【答案与解析】1.选D。whatmademattersworse是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was),相当于thethingthatmademattersworse。2.选A。what引导的是表语从句,相当于thethingthatittakestodoanythingwell。3.选C。that引导的是一个主语从句,句首的it为形式主语。4.选C。答句为省略句,其完整形式为IwastryingtoprovetothepolicewhereIwaslastnight,在此where引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地,下面选C:“_______madeherstruggletobecomeanartistsohard?”“______shewasawoman.”148 A.What,WhatB.That,ThatC.What,ThatD.That,What5.选D。what引导的是表语从句,what在此相当于thethingsthat。6.选C。句首的it是形式主语,空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语,故排除A、B、D。(注意:不能选A,因为that引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分)7.选A。第一空填what,是因为该主语从句中的动词understand缺宾语;why和because均可引导表语从句,其区别是:why引导表语从句强调结果,because引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果,故用why。8.B。what在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语,它相当于thethingthat。9.B。两空均填what,均用于引导宾语从句,因为两个宾语从句中的动词said和do均缺宾语,而在各个选项中只有what可用作宾语。10.选A。what引导宾语从句。由于动词wants缺宾语,所以填what。句意是:当你找工作面试回答问题时,请记住这条黄金定律:永远给予对方确实想要的东西。11.选A。Icantosavethem为Icandotosavethem之略,此句中的do缺宾语,故选whatever。12.选B。that在此引导主语从句,无词义,也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选D,因为because不用于引导主语从句。13.选C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词,而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有C。14.选B。比较That’swhy…与That’sbecause…:前者用于强调结果,后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选D:Igotwetallthrough._______Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.That’sbecause15.选D。由isworthpraising这一谓语可知前面是主语从句,排除不能引导从句的B项和C项;whoever引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”,在此它相当于anyonewho。16.选A。how引导主语从句,that引导同位语从句。定语从句考点148 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around______highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwere【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C,aroundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是highmountains,aroundwhich是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目(答案均为C):(1)Yesterdaywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.A.whichisB.itisC.whichareD.themare(2)Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolicestation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare(3)Nextmonthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurantswherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare2.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what【陷阱】容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What148 【陷阱】容易误选A,认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是B。as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题:_______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What此题答案选A,it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。再比较下面一组题,其中第(1)题选B,第(2)题选D:(1)______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It(2)______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It4.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A,许多同学一看到题干中的such,再联系到选项中的that,便认为这是考查such…that…句式。况且,这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C,不是A,因为在such…that…(如此……以至……)结构中,that引导的是结果状语从句,并且that在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入such…that…,句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下:as用作关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词boy,同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语,句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到such的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导,而不用that。比较下面一题,答案为A,因为like后有自己的宾语him:Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom请再做以下试题(答案选D):Itwasnotsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromisedus.A.likeB.thatC.whichD.as5.Thebuses,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.thatB.it148 C.themD.which【陷阱】容易误选C,用them代指thebuses。【分析】最佳答案是D。mostofwhichwerealreadyfull为非限制性定语从句,修饰thebuses。类似地,以下各题也选D:(1)Hishouse,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which(2)Ashdownforest,through_______we’llbedriving,isn’taforestanylonger.A.thatB.itC.themD.which(3)ThisIdidatnineo’clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.A.thatB.itC.themD.which类似地,以下各题选whom,不选them:(4)George,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-heartedperson.A.thatB.himC.themD.whom(5)Hersons,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom(6)Imetthefruit-pickers,severalof_______werestilluniversitystudents.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom6.Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易误选B,用them代指students。【分析】最佳答案是A,manyofwhomgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield为非限制性定语从句。假若在manyof…的前面加上连词and,则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A):(1)Heaskedalotofquestions,noneof______waseasytoanswer.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that(2)Heaskedalotofquestions,andnoneof______waseasytoanswer.148 A.themB.whichC.whatD.that(3)Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who(4)Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.themB.whomC.whichD.who7.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易误选A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。当然,假若在invited前加上助动词were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A。比较:(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B,noneofthemcarriedoutintheirwork是独立主格结构,其中的carriedout为过去分词。(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选A,noneofthemwerecarriedoutintheirwork是非限制性定语从句,注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B,由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but,使得该句成了一个并列句。148 8.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似,theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为seat作动词用时,是及物动词。比较以下相似题:(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B。whoseparentswereseatedtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句,因为其后有完整的谓语wereseated。(2)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A。因为句中有并列连词and,整个句子为并列句。(3)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A。theirparentssittingtogetherjoking为独立主格结构。(4)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssattogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B。whoseparentssattogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语sat。(5)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that148 选B。whoseparentsweresittingtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语weresitting。9.Ifthemanisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallowheis.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that【陷阱】容易误选A或B,误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D,注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that在此代表前文所述的情况,用作主句的主语。类似地,下面几道题也选that,而不选which:(1)Ifyoupromisetogowithus,_____willbeOK.A.asB.whichC.anditD.that(2)Ifyouwantadoubleroom,_____willcostanother£15.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that(3)Whetheryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.A.thatB.whichC.anditD.so(4)WhenIsaytwohours,_____includestimeforeating.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that10.Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where【陷阱】容易误选B,机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when,地点名词后用关系副词where。【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来,若用作主语或宾语,用关系代词;若用作状语,则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语,故应用关系代词which或that。比较下面一题,由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语,所以选关系副词when:Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where请再做一组试题(答案均选A):148 (1)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where选A,which在定语从句中用作动词bought的宾语。(2)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencomplete.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where选A,which在定语从句中用作主语。(3)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which选A,where在定语从句中用作状语。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_______intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.theyoncegrewD.oncegrew2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,_____manypeoplehavegonehome.A.thatB.whichC.whosetimeD.bywhichtime3.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained4.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which5.Whenhewasworkingtherehecaughtaseriousillnessfrom_____effortshestillsuffers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what6.It’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which148 7.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when8.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wisely.A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat9.Theoldbuilding,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______weusedtowork.A.that,theplaceB.it,theplaceC.which,whereD.what,where10.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_______othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when11.ThemodernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecameunited.A.whenB.ifC.sinceD.until12.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_____intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew13.Youcouldseetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when14.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose15.Whathaveyougot_____willhelpacold?A.whatB.thatC.itD.who16.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketome.A.howB.thatC.whatD.which17.Doyouknowthemanfrom________housethepictureswerestolen?A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose148 18.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where19.Isthisallthatyouneed?Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou_____.A.wantB.wantedC.hadwantedD.arewanting20.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who21.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why22.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis23.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what24.Theirproblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhichD.it25.Isawsometreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdisease.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what26.Thefamousbasketballer,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who27.Whentheywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,thegirlbroughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwithJames.A.thewhichwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.whichwaswhatD.thatwasthat148 【答案与解析】1.选C。先行词是those,可视为thoseflowers之省略。theyoncegrew前省略了关系代词which。全句意为:这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。2.选D。bywhichtime引出的是一个非限制性定语从句,其中bywhichtime相当于andbythattime。3.选A。注意不能选D,因为动词explained缺宾语。4.选D。which指theroadmap。5.选C。fromwhoseeffortshestillsuffers为修饰aseriousillness的定语从句,whose在定语从句中用作定语,修饰efforts。6.选B。where引导定语从句修饰one。注:one在此指anewjob。类似地,下面一题的答案是C,因为onethat相当于aproblemthat:Theproblemis_____hascausedusalotoftrouble.A.oneB.thatC.onethatD.thatone7.选D。先行词是表时间的age(时代),由于关系词在定语从句中作状语,故用when。8.选C。该句的正常词序为Wewilltrytospendthelittletimewehavetogetherwisely.9.选C。第一空填which,指theoldbuilding;第二空填where,用以引导表语从句。10.选C。先行词是地点名词places,由于关系词在定语从句中作状语,故用where。11.选A。when引导的是非限制性定语从句。12.选C。thatoncegrewintheforest为修饰those的定语从句。13.选B。where在此相当于theplacewhere。14.选B。thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable为非限制性定语从句,其中的thepriceofwhich相当于anditsprice或andthepriceofit。假若空格前有并列连词and,则可选C。15.选B。thatwillhelpacold为修饰what的定语从句。比较:Haveyougotanythingthatwillhelpacold?以及I’vegotnothingthatwillhelpacold.16.选B。theway后不接how引导的从句,换句说,how不是关系代词或关系副词,不能引导定语从句。以theway为先行词的定语从句通常用that或inwhich来引导,在非正式文体中也可省略that和inwhich。17.选D。fromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen为修饰theman的定语从句,whose在定语从句中用作定语,修饰house。18.选D。先行词是manycases,关系副词where=inwhich。148 19.选A。尽管句中用了ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverything这样的虚拟语气句子,但修饰everything的定语从句(that)youwant却要用陈述语语气,因为它是回答前面Isthisallthatyouneed?这一提问的。20.选D。因定语从句缺主语,且关系代词指人,故选D。21.选A。where所引导的为修饰adangeroussituation的定语从句。22.选A。选项中的Ithink是插入语,若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。23.选B。ofcourse为插入语,若将项其去掉,则答案显然是B。24.选C。thatwhich相当于theproblemwhich。25.选B。theleavesofwhich相当于whoseleaves。26.选D。先行词是Thefamousbasketballer(著名的篮球明星),故要用who来引导定语从句,因为其余三项均不用于指人。27.选C。which引导一个非限制性定语从句,其中which指代acheaperone,且在定语从句中用作主语。whichwaswhat中的what引导一个表语从句,它相当于theonethat。状语从句考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon,Mum?”“No,youcan’tgoout_______yourworkisbeingdone.”A.beforeB.untilC.asD.themoment【陷阱】容易误选B,误认为这是考查not…until…结构。【分析】最佳答案选C。句中的yourworkisbeingdone表明“你正在做作业”,选as表原因。2.“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_______you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?”148 A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】最佳答案选B。尽管as和while均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,但两者有一个重要区别,就是这样用的as从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然,如果as不是表示“当……的时候”,其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如:Iwenttobedearly,asIwasexhausted.我很累了,所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的as表示原因,意为“因为”、“由于”)请做以下两题,答案均选while,不选as:(1)_______youareathomealone,pleasedon’tleavethedooropen.A.WhileB.AsC.BeforeD.How(2)_______youarealonewithher,tellherthatyoulikeher.A.WhileB.AsC.AfterD.How3.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup______therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选D。where在此引导地点状语从句,其意为“(在)……的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选where):(1)Thefamousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever(2)Shefoundhercalculator_______shelostit.A.whereB.whileC.inwhichD.that(3)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.which(4)Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplacewhereD.where(5)Youshouldletyourchildrenplay______youcanseethem.148 A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that(6)Nowheworksinthefactory______hisfatherusedtowork.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that4.Thevisitoraskedtohavehispicturetaken_______stoodthefamoustower.A.thatB.atwhichC.whenD.where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选D。此题与上面一题有些相似,但又有所不同:相似的是,where均表示“在……的地方”,均用以引导地点状语从句;不同的是,此题还涉及倒装,即此句的主语是thefamoustower,谓语是stood,正常词序为wherethefamoustowerstood,使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻。4.Theykepttrying_____theymusthaveknownitwashopeless.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选C。when在此的意思不是“当……的时候”,而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如:Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.尽管他可以坐出租车,但他却走路。Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceedednexttime.尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了,但他却停止努力了。Theboywasrestlesswhenheshouldhavelistenedtotheteachercarefully.这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的,但他却坐立不安。有许多同学只知道when表示“当……的时候”,而不知道它还有其他许多意思,除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外,when还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D):Whydoyouwantanewjob______you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whenD.while【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。148 【分析】最佳答案选C。when意为“这时(突然)”,主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的when可以连用副词suddenly,也可以不连用它,但值得注意的是,同学们不能单独用suddenly来代替when,如下面各题的答案选A,不选B:(1)Iwasabouttogoout______thetelephonerang.A.whenB.suddenlyC.assoonasD.directly(2)Wewereswimminginthelake_______thestormstarted.A.whenB.suddenlyC.untilD.before(3)Shewaswalkingdowntheroad_______sheheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.A.whenB.suddenlyC.untilD.before6.Thefirewentonforquitesometime_______itwasbroughtundercontrol.A.whenB.sinceC.afterD.before【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选D。before意为“在……之前”,句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地,以下两题也选before:(1)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_______itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as(2)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before(3)Sheisgettingbetterbydegrees,butitwillbesometime_____sheiscompletelywell.A.thatB.sinceC.whenD.before(4)Theysatdownoppositeeachother,butitwassomemoments______theyspoke.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when7.Motheraskedmetotakemoremoney_______somethingunexpectedshouldhappen.A.incaseB.sothat148 C.inorderthatD.when【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。incase起连词作用,用以引导状语从句,主要有两种意思:一是表示条件,意为“如果”、“万一”;二是表示“目的”,意为“以防”、“免得”。如以下各题也都选incase:(1)________Iforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.A.IncaseB.SothatC.InorderthatD.When(2)Takeyourumbrellajust________itrains.A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderthatD.when(3)Bequiet_______youshouldwakethebaby.A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderthatD.when(4)Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderthatD.when(5).I’llkeephisaddress_____Ineedit.A.sothatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.when8._______yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,尤其可能误选A。【分析】最佳答案选C。前面一个分句为条件状语从句,后面一个分句为主语。现分析几个干扰项:选项A和D均为非谓语动词,根据英语语法习惯,非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,而此句的somespellingmistakes显然不能用作havingchecked或tocheck的逻辑主语,故不能选为答案;若选B,则两个句子之间缺少必要的连词,也不对。请做类似试题(答案均选C):(1)________morecareful,theworkmighthavebeendonebetter.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.IfyouhadbeenD.Tohavebeen(2)_______yourdiet,itiseasytoreduce.A.WatchingB.Tobewatching148 C.IfyouwatchD.Tohavewatched(3)_______apairofcompasses,itiseasytodescribeacircle.A.HavingB.TohavehadC.IfyouhaveD.ifhaving(4)_______forsomething,areceiptisgiventoyou.A.PayingB.HavingpaidC.WhenyouhavepaidD.Tobepaying(5)_______thesunrisingslowlyintheeast,thesceneisaperfectdream.A.SeeingB.TobeseeingC.WhenyouseeD.Havingseen9.“ShallMarycomeandplaycomputergames?”“No,_______shehasfinishedherhomework.”A.whenB.sinceC.unlessD.assoonas【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选C。此句为省略句,答句句首的No表明其后省略的是一个否定句,全句补充完整为:Shecan’tplaycomputergamesunlessshehasfinishedherhomework.请做类似试题(答案均选B):(1)“Wouldyoumindmysittingherewithyou?”“No,______youaren’ttoonoisy.”A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.assoonas(2)“Willheagreetocometojoinusinthework?”“No,_______wepromisehimmoremoney.”A.whenB.unlessC.unlessD.assoonas(3)“Canyoufinishtheworkintime?”“No,_______wedon’tsleepthroughoutthenight.”10.“Whendidheleavetheclassroom?”“Heleft_______youturnedbacktowriteontheblackboard.”A.thetimeB.themomentC.untilD.since【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选B。themoment用作连词,意为“一……就……”,相当于assoonas。类似地,theminute,theinstant也可用作连词,表示“一……就……”的意思。如以下试题也选B:148 (1)“DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?”“Yes,Igaveittoher________Isawher.”A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.until(2)Thedoorkeepergavethealarm_______hesawthesmoke.A.whileB.theinstantC.suddenlyD.before(3)Iraisedthealarm_______Isawthesmoke.A.whileB.theminuteC.suddenlyD.since◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_______itisneeded.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity________hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3._______Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.while4Youwillsucceedintheend____yougiveuphalfway.A.evenifB.asthoughC.aslongasD.unless5.“Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?”“Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_______hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.”A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when6._____Isuggest,healwaysdisagrees.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever7.Youshouldputonthenotices______allthepeoplemayseethem.A.whereB.inwhich148 C.atD.forthem8._____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever9.Maryclappedherhandoverhermouth_______sherealizedwhatshehadsaid.A.whileB.assoonasC.suddenlyD.then10.________herfaults,she’sArnold’smother.Don’tbesorudetoher.A.WhateverB.WhatC.WhicheverD.Whenever11.____you’regotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas12.IthoughtshewastheverygirlthatIshouldmarry_______Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime13.Don’tplaybytheriver_______youfallinanddrown!A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderthatD.when14.Whydoyouwantanewjob____you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when15.Heisbetterthan_______Ilastvisitedhim.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which16._______thepunishmentwasunjust,heaccepteditwithoutcomplaint.A.SolongasB.EventhoughC.SinceD.While17.________thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.A.WhileB.AsC.SinceD.Because18._______Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif148 19._______richonemaybethereisalwayssomethingonewants.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever20.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen_______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif21.MrZhangismildincharacter.Henevershouts____heisveryangry.A.ifB.evenC.thoughD.evenwhen22.“Howlongdoyousupposeitis_______heleftforJapan?”“Nomorethanhalfamonth.”A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since23.Insomecountries,_______arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythestate.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what【答案与解析】1.选D。when意为“在(当)……时候”。其余三项填入空格处,句意不通。2.选D。until意为“直到”,句意为“一位优秀的故事讲述者必须能够让听众在故事结束前一直保持好奇心”。3.选C。aslongas意为“只要”,全句意为“只要我知道这钱是安全的,我就不会担心了”。类似地,下面一题也选aslongas:“Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?’“I’llprobablygoforawalklateron____itstaysfine.”A.asfarasB.aslongasC.evenifD.asif4.选D。unless意为“如果不”、“除非”,用以引导一个条件状语从句。5.选C。考查not…until…句式,其意为“直到……才……”。6.选B。whatever引导的是让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwhat。注意不能选A,因为suggest是及物动词,它应带自己的宾语,而however不能用作宾语。7.选A。where指“在……的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。8.选A,wherever意为“无论什么地方”。148 9.选B。根据语境可推知。如下面一题也选assoonas:_______hebecamerichhecastasideallhisoldfriendswhogavehimsomehelp.A.WhileB.AssoonasC.SuddenlyD.Then10.选A。whateverherfaults为让步状语从句,句末省略了谓语动词are。11.选A。nowthat为连词,用以引导原因状语从句,其意为“既然”,与since同义。其中的mightaswell意为“不妨”。全句意为“既然你得到一个机会,你不妨充分利用它”。12.选C。thefirsttime在此用作连词,用以引导状语从句。句意为“我第一次见到她就认为她很诚实”。13.选C。incase意为“以防”。14.选D。when不表示“当……的时候”,而表示“既然”,相当于since,用以引导原因状语从句。全句意为:你既然已经有了这么好的工作,干吗还要找新的工作呢?请再两例:Ican’ttellyouwhenyouwon’tlisten.既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。Whyusewoodwhenyoucanuseplastic?既然能用塑料,为什么还要用木料?15.选A。than后省略了hewas,假若补充完整,全句即为HeisbetterthanhewaswhenIlastvisitedhim。16.选B。比较四个选项:solongas(只要),eventhough(即使),since(自从,既然),while(当……时候),其中只有B的意思最合适,全句意为“即使处罚不公平,他毫无怨言地接受”。17.选A。while在此不表示“当……的时候”,而表示“尽管”。18.选B。asfaras意为“尽,就,至于”,常用于asfarasIknow(据我所知),asfarasonecansee(在某人看来),asfarasonecan(某人尽力),asfarassth/sbisconcerned(就某事/某人来说)等结构。19.选C。however在此引导让步状语从句,意义上相当于nowmatterhow。20.选C。sothat引导目的状语从句,其意为“为了”。21.选D。根据句子语境,选B或D较适合,但even是副词,不是连词,不能引导状语从句,故选D。22.选D。问句的基本结构是“Itis+时间段+since从句”,其原句型是IsupposeitisnomorethanhalfamonthsinceheleftforJapan.假若对此句中的nomorethanhalfamonth提问,则可得到提问句。23.选D。what引导的是主语从句,其中的what相当于theschoolsthat。148 交际口语考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.“Don’tyoubelieveme?”“______,I’llbelieve_______yousay.”A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever【陷阱】容易误选A。认为Yes永远译为“是”,No永远译为“不”。【分析】最佳答案选D。在回答否定疑问句时,要特别注意yes,no的正确理解。回答yes时,可视为yes,Ido之类的省略形式;回答no时,可视为no,Idon’t之类的省略形式。针对上题而言,“Don’tyoubelieveme?”的意思是“你难道不相信我?”其答句“Yes,Ido”的实际意思便是“不,我相信你”,这与I’llbelievewhateveryousay的意思完全吻合。注意,第二空不宜填nomatterwhat,因为它只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导宾语从句。请再看类似试题:2.“WouldyoumindifI_______oneofthesebooks?”“_______.”A.took;CertainlynotB.take;Yes,ofcourseC.cantake;Yes,pleasedoD.maytake;No,I’musingit【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。做对此题要注意两点:一是wouldyoumind后接if从句时,从句谓语通常要用一般过去时(但Doyoumindif后的谓语不用过去式);二是对wouldyoumind…的回答实际上是对mind(介意)的回答,即肯定回答表示“介意”,否定回答表示“不介意”。请做以下类似试题:(1)“DoyoumindifIsmokehere?”“_______.Gotothesmokingroom,please.”A.OfcoursenotB.Sure,whynotC.No,Idon’tD.Yes,Ido答案选D。根据下文的Gotothesmokingroom,please可知说话者介意对方抽烟,故选D。(2)“________,sir?”“No.Goahead.”A.MayIuseyourdictionaryB.DoyoumindifIuseyourbike148 C.WouldyoumindopeningthewindowD.MayIhavealookatyournewbook答案选B。注意答句中的no和goahead:no表否定,否定mind,即表示“不介意”,这与其后goahead表示的同意刚好吻合。3.“Haven’tseenyouforages!DoyoustillworkinGuangzhou?”“_______.It’stwoyearssinceIworkedthere.”A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IdoC.No,Ihaven’tD.No,Idon’t【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。要做对此题,首先要正确理解It’stwoyearssinceIworkedthere的意思。按英语习惯,since用作连词时,它所引导从句的谓语通常应是非延续性动词,若为延续性动词或状态动词,则它所表示的动作或状态的应是其完成或结束(而不是其开始)。如:Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedinBeijing.正译:自从他离开北京以来,我一直未收到他的信。误译:自从他住在北京以来,我一直未收到他的信。HehasnevercometoseemesinceIwasill.正译:自我病愈以来他还没来看过我。误译:自我生病以来他还没来看过我。由此可见,上面一题中It’stwoyearssinceIworkedthere的实际意思是“我没在那儿工作已有两年了”。弄清此句的意思后,再结合上下文的语境,答案选D就不难理解了。4.“I’veneverfoundabetterjob.”“_____.”A.Idon’tthinksoB.ToobadC.CongratulationsD.Don’tworry【陷阱】容易误选B或D,主要是将上文的意思理解错了,即将其理解为“我从来没找到一份好工作”。【分析】最佳答案为C。I’veneverfoundabetterjob的实际意思是“这是我所找到的最好的一份工作”,可视为I’veneverfoundabetterjobthanthisjob(我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作,即这是我所找到的最好的工作)省略。只要正确理解了这话的实际含义,答案选C也就不难理解了。请再看两题:(1)“Howdoyoulikethefoodinthisrestaurant?”“Oh,_______.Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplace.”A.toobadB.sorryC.wonderfulD.impossible148 答案选C。Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplace的实际意思是“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”,可视为Wecouldn’thavefoundabetterplacethanthisplace之省略。(2)“Howdoyoulikethefoodinthisrestaurant?”“Oh,_______.Wecouldn’thavefoundaworseplace.”A.toobadB.sorryC.wonderfulD.impossible答案选A。此题与上面一题仅差一词,即将better改成了worse。Wecouldn’thavefoundaworseplace可视为Wecouldn’thavefoundaworseplacethanthisplace之略,其意是说“我们不能找到一个比这个地方更好糟的地方了”,言外之意,“这是最糟的地方”。◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.“Couldyoudomeafavourandtaketheboxuptothesixfloor?”“_______.”A.WithpleasureB.MypleasureC.NowonderD.Nocomment2.“It’s$500,butthatismylastoffer.”“OK,itisa________.”A.costB.priceC.rewardD.deal3.“IhearJohnsonwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.”“_______let’sgoandseehim.”A.What’smoreB.IfsoC.WherepossibleD.Whennecessary4.“Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation?”“It______.”A.alldependB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepending5.“Doyouwanttogotothemovie,Jane?”“______.Ifeellikedoingsomethingdifferent.”A.Don’tmentionitB.Idon’twantitC.Idon’tthinksoD.Notreally6.“Wouldyoulikemetoshowyoutheway?”“_______.”A.That’sverykindofyou.B.Yes,youcould.C.Goodidea!D.Withgreatpleasure!7.“Ipreferacomputermadeinyourcompany,butImayneedsomemoreinformationabouttheproduct.”“_______.”A.ThankyouB.It’sapleasureC.Youarewelcome D.Atyourservice8.“Haveadrink?”“Nothanks,_____.”148 A.IdomindB.Idon’tlikeitC.NevermindD.I’drathernot9.“We’vemissedthetrain!”“_____,there’llbeanotherintenminutes.”A.AllrightB.NotatallC.NevermindD.Don’tmentionit10.“Wouldyoumindtellingherthenews?”“_____,butIdon’tknowifI_____herthesedays.”A.Ofcourse,shallseeB.Ofcoursenot,seeC.Ofcourse,seeD.Ofcoursenot,shallsee11.“MayIborrowyourpaper?”“______.”A.ByallmeansB.NevermindC.YouarewelcomeD.Don’tmentionit12.Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd,saying“_____.”A.NevermindB.WithpleasureC.GoaheadD.Excuseme13.“Here’swhatyouaskedfor.”“______.”A.ManythanksB.ThankalotC.ThanksyouD.Thankyoualot14.“Canyousparemeafewminutesnow?”“______,butI’llbefreethisafternoon.”A.No,Iwon’tB.Yes,withpleasureC.I’mnotsureD.I’mafraidnot15.“Wouldyouliketoturnthatmusicdown?I’mwritingaletter.”“_____.”A.No,I’dliketoB.No,pleaseC.Yes,sorry.D.Yes,I’dlikeit.16.“Youmustfindsuchlonghoursverytiring.”“______.Ienjoyedit.”A.AfterallB.NevermindC.NotintheleastD.That’sallright17.“Wouldyoutakethisalongtotheofficeforme?”“_____.”A.That’srightB.WithpleasureC.NevermindD.Notatall18.“Doyouneedanyhelpwiththoseheavybags?”“No,thanks;_____.”A.NevermindB.AllrightC.IcanmanageD.Youarewelcome19.“MrSmithisakindperson.Iliketotoworkwithhim.”“Infact,everyone_______.”148 A.isB.doesC.hasD.likes20.“AtlunchtimeI’dliketohaveachatwithyou.”“Pardon,Have_____withme?”A.whenB.whoC.whichD.what21.“IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.”“______.Itwasherfault.”A.NowayB.NotpossibleC.NochanceD.Notatall【答案与解析】1.选A。withpleasure的意思是“高兴地”、“乐意地”。注意不宜选B,mypleasure主要用于回答感谢,意为“这是我乐意做的事”、“不用客气”,也可说成It’smypleasure或It’sapleasure等。2.选D。It’sadeal的意思是“就这么办”、“一言为定”。3.选B。ifso为ifitisso之略,意为“如果那样的话”。4.选B。Italldepends的意思是“那要看情况”,也可说成Thatdepends。5.选D。notreally表示否定,但语气较轻,意为“不很……”。6.选A。That’sverykindofyou意为“你太好了”、“你真是太客气”,常用于感谢对方的友好提议。又如下面一题也选A:“CanIgetyouacupofcoffee?”“______.”A.That’sveryniceofyouB.WithpleasureC.Youcan,pleaseD.Thankyouforthetea7.选D。atyourservice的意思是“随时为您服务”、“随时为您效劳”。8.选D。I’drathernot通常用于委婉地拒绝对方的邀请或提议。9.选C。nevermind表示安慰,意为“不要紧”、“没关系”。10.选D。第一空填ofcoursenot,表示“不介意”;第二空要填shallsee,因为if引导的是宾语从句,而不是条件状语从句,所以不能用一般现在时表示将来。11.选A。byallmeans表示同意,意为“完全可以”。12.选D。excuseme用作从别人面前经过时的礼貌用语,又如:Excuseme,couldIgetpast?对不起,让我过去好吗?13.选A。若选B,则应改为Thanksalot;若选C,则应改为Thankyou或Thanks;若选D,则应改为Thankyouverymuch之类的。换句话说,thank用作动词时,它是及物的,其后应有宾语;用作名词时,它通常要用复数形式。另外注意,英语中虽然可说Thanksalot,但习惯上不说Thankyoualot。148 14.选D。甲要乙现在抽出几分钟,而乙说要等下午才有空——也就是说,乙现在抽不出时间,所以选D最适合。15.选C。从上下文语境来看,一方因音乐声放得太大已对另一方(正在写信)造成影响,所以选C较恰当。16.选C。Notintheleast意为“一点也不”。注意联系下文的Ienjoyedit。17.选B,withpleasure主要用于回答请求或邀请。18.选C。由句意推知。19.选B。does相当于likestoworkwithhim。注意不能选D,因为like是及物动词。20.选D。答话人由于没有听清问话人的chat一词,故针对问话人的haveachatwithyou,反问havewhatwithme?21.选A。noway的意思是“没门”。根据上下文的语境(尤其是Itwasherfault)可推知。148
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