高考英语语法专题复习讲义非谓语动词

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1、高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳I．形式和性质：1．过去分词只有一种形式，即V-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。2．过去分词一般有以下特征：2．1被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）,而不是发出者（doer）。2．2完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作往往先已发生。〖分析〗1.Theinjuredman（=Themanwhohadbeeninjured）wassenttohospitalwithoutdelay.2.Thisisthebo

2、okborrowed(=whichwasborrowed)fromtheschoollibrarylastweek.3.Doneinahurry(Becauseithadbeendoneinahurry),Tom'shomeworkwasfullofmistakesanderrors.〖例外〗1.在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成性。如：I'llhavemyhouseenlarged.Thecarrepairedthisafternoonbelongstooneofmyfriends.2.一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不具被动性。Anold

3、manwascollectingthefallenleavesintheyard.Thepoliceweresearchingfortheescapedman.II.句法功能1.主语过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语，表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：Theaccusedhavebeenacquitted.Thewoundedwerelefthiddeninthatvillage.这种用法时，谓语一般用复数动词，但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别，用单数动词。如：Thedeceasedishisfather.Thewoundedisapoliceman.2.宾语过去分词前

4、加上定冠词可用作宾语，也表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：Everyoneinoursocietyshouldrespectandhelpthedisabled.Listentothevoiceoftheoppressed.3．表语Theboyswereastonished.Thedoorremainedlocked.Theyseemedworried.Heiswellknowntousall.4．定语4.1前置定语由单个分词充当Thebrokenglassisstilllyingonthetable.Thefrightenedgirlwastremblingwhenthe

5、policearrived.Thissortofpeopleseemsnottobeabletoliveinthechangedworld.Heonlycollectsusedstamps.ThisphraseisoftenusedinspokenEnglish.Agrownboyisaboywhohasphysicallyandmentallygrownup.Therisensunisthesunthathasrisenhigh.Thatwasaman-madesatellite.Hesenttheyhisnewly-inventeddevices.4.2后置定语由分

6、词短语充当ShewasreadinganovelwrittenbyDickens.Heworksandlivesinaschoolsurroundedbygreentrees.Thepeopletrappedinthebigfirewererescuedbythefirefighterswithahelicopter.Theradioboughtinyourshopdoesn'tworkwell.TheBrailleisalanguageusedfortheblind.偶尔也有单个分词作后置定语的情况。如：Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsh

7、eard.有时单个分词作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同。如：Thecarusedwasastolenone.(Thecarwhichwasusedatthetime…)Theusedcarwasstillinthegarage.(Theoldcarwhichdidn'tworkwell…)5．宾补5.1在感觉/知动词后：see,lookat,observe,hear,listento,think,find,imagine,feel,watch等。Wefoundhimgreatlychanged.Everyonethoughtthebatt