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1、2心理的神经生理机制（2theneurophysiologicalmechanismofmind）Thesecondchapteristheneurophysiologicalmechanismofmind1,theevolutionofthebrain:1,theoccurrenceofthenervoussystem:unicellularanimalsprotozoa(amoeba)-thereisnospecializednervoussystem,sensoryorgansandeffectororgans.Multicellularanimalan
2、imal(coelenterateHydra,jellyfish,jellyfish)--withspecializedcellsstimulatedtheformationofthesenseorgansandorgansspecifically,appearedatthesametimethenervoussystemcoordinatingbody,composedofreticularnervoussystem.Hydrahastheembryonicformofthereflexarcofhigheranimals,whichisalsotheini
3、tialformofthenervoussystem.2,theinvertebratenervoussystem.Earthworm-theganglion,theheadofthegangliondeveloped,knownashairphenomenon.Theappearanceofhairheadprovidestheconditionforbrainproduction.Thenervoussystemoftheearthwormischainlike,calledthechainnervoussystem.Insectsformthreelar
4、geganglia:head,chestandabdomen.Theirnervoussystemiscalledtheganglianervoussystem.3.Thenervoussystemoflowervertebrates.Thevertebratehasaspineonitsback,calledthespine.Vertebrateisatubularnervoussystemanditsnervetissueishollow.Thefrontendofbentonitetubularnervoussystemoftheformationofm
5、ostbrainvesicles(forebrain,diencephalonandmidbrain,medulla,cerebellum).Reptilesappearinthecerebralcortex.4.Thenervoussystemofhighervertebrates.Mammals-(rodents,carnivores,primates).Themammaliannervoussystemismoreperfect,thebrainhemispherebegantoappear,andthefunctionofeachpartofthebr
6、ainisbecomingincreasinglydifferentiated.Thecerebralcortexisthehighestsiteoftheentirenervoussystem.2,evolutionfromlowervertebratestohighervertebrates:1,therelativesizeofthebrainchanges-brainindex2,thechangeofrelativesizeofcortexcorticalindex3,changesintheinnerstructureofthecortexthef
7、unctionalareasofthebrain3,neuronsandglialcells1,neurons-1891,Wahl,Daiyeputforward.Itisacellwithelongatedprojections,consistingofthreeparts:soma,dendriteandaxon.Soma:themostextracellularmembrane,containingnucleusandcytoplasm.Thecytoplasmcontainsnervefibers,Nisslbodies,Golgibodies,mit
8、ochondriaandsoon.Ne
