1、[英国文学] Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3.Renaissance humanis
2、ts found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人
3、文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特
4、将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6.The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7.The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, r
5、hyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Chris
6、topher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9.Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。 (I)Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞 10. the theme of Redcrosse is not“Arms and the man,”but something more romantic-
7、“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”《仙后》的主题并非“男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。 11. It is Spenser’s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as“the poets‘poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。 (II)Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.马洛 12. As the most gifted of
