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1、虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法介绍如下:A).条件从句的虚拟语气条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反be---were/动词---过去式would/should/might/could+do与过去事实相反过去完成式would/should/might/could+havedone与将来事实相反wereto/should+do/动词---过去式would/should/might/could+doEg.如果我是你,我就不看电视了
2、.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldnotwatchTV.如果我做完家庭作业,我就去参加晚会.IfIdid/haddonemyhomework,Iwouldgo/havegonetotheparty.如果你昨天晚上不看电视,就不会迟到了.Ifyouhadn’tgonetothecinema,youwouldnothavebeenlateforclass.如果你努力地学习的话,你就会考试及格了。Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Theplantsinourgarde
3、n__________betterifithadnotrainedsomuchlastyear.A.hadgrownB.wouldhavegrownC.weregrowingD.wouldgrowNote:a).条件从句中if的省略,要倒装如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词、情态动词had,should,could,有时可将连词if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。这种用法主要用于书面语,如:a.与现在相反:IfIwereyou(=WereIyou),Iwouldgowithhim.b.
4、与过去相反:IfIhadhadtimethen(=HadIhadtimethen),Iwouldhavegonewithyou.c.与将来相反:IfIweretovisit/shouldvisit/visitedtheGreatWalltomorrow,(=WereIto/ShouldIvisittheGreatWalltomorrow),Iwouldtakemysonwithme.注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:(误)Weren’tIherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.(正)WereInotherenow,Iwo
5、uldbeinthebus.b).without可以代替条件从句Eg.没有水和空气,我们就不能生存。Wewouldnotlivewithoutwaterorair.c)混合虚拟条件句如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。这种句子叫做混合虚拟条件句。如:Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句述说过去,主句述说现在)第5页共5页IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeop
6、lewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.(从句表示与过去的事实相反,主句说明与现在的事实相反)d)省略主句,只保留if(only)的条件句虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略,但意义仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if(only)条件从句,表达说话人的强烈愿望。如:If(only)sheweremysister!她是我的妹妹就好了!e)用but或butfor引导含蓄条件句(but后跟从句,butfor后跟短语:假如没有,要不是)Butforyourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn’th
7、avebeensosuccessful.假如没有你们的帮助,我们的实验是不会如此成功的。Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是碰到暴雨我们会到得早一些。Wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance,buttheyweretoobusy.要不是他们太忙,我们会邀请他们来参加舞会的。此句可改写为:Iftheyhadnotbeensobusy,wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance.Butthatheisinhospital,Hewouldgoab
8、roadforhissummervacation.要不是生病住院,他就出国度暑假了。该句可改写为:Ifheweren’tinhospital,hewouldgoabroadforhissumm