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1、高二化学复习下册（Highschoolchemistryreview2）FourthchapterhydrocarbonAlkanehydrocarbonsCnH2n+2OlefinhydrocarbonCnH2n(n=2)C=CAlkyneCnH2n-2(n=2)C=CAromatichydrocarbons:benzenehomologueCnH2n-6(n=6)(1)thereasonsforawidevarietyoforganiccompounds:1.carbonatomscombine4covalentbondswithotheratoms
2、;between2.carbonandcarbonatomsformavarietyofchainandringorganiccompounds;3.isomerism(2)organicmatter:mostcarboncontainingcompounds(3)hydrocarbons:compoundscontainingonlyCandHelementsSection1methane1.Thespatialstructureofmethane:tetrahedronstructure2,nature:Physicalproperties:colo
3、rless,tasteless,insolubleinwater,isthemaincomponentofnaturalgas,methane(pitgas)andpetroleumgasChemicalproperties:methaneisstableinnatureanddoesnotreactwithstrongacidandstrongalkali.Undercertainconditions,thefollowingreactionscanoccur:(1)flammability(2)substitutionreaction(3)hight
4、emperaturedecompositionCH3ClgasCH2Cl2liquidCHCl3(chloroform)CCl43,uses:verygoodfuel;thepreparationofH2,carbonblack,chloroform,etc..4,theexperimentwillbefullofCH4andCl2:(volumeratio1:4)tubeupsidedowninthewatertank,thestronglightafteraperiodoftime,willseethecolor_______tubegas,liqu
5、idlevelinthepipe_______,theinnerwallofthetesttubehas________;addingAgNO3solutiontoremovetube,tubesolution,see______generation(fillphenomenon)commonlyknownas.CCl4______,__densitythanwaterSecondparaffin1alkane:(1)structuralfeatures:Thecarboninthehydrocarbonmoleculeislinkedbyasingle
6、bondtoformachain,Therestofthevalencebondwithallcarbonatomsofhydrogencombine,calledhydrocarbons,oralkane.(2)thenomenclatureofalkanes:Simplenomenclatureofalkanes:thenumberofcarbonatomsbelowtenisexpressedbya,B,C,D,e,K,h,R,R,RandC.Systematicnomenclature:1)findthemainchain--thelongest
7、carbonchain;2)number:thenearestbranch3)writethename----firstJane,thennumerousCH(CH3)2CH(C2H5)C(CH3)3isthenameof______Thenameof2,3,3three-methylethylbutaneiscorrect(3)thenatureofalkanes:Whenthemolecularweightincreases,theboilingpointrisesandthedensityincreases,andthestateisfromgas
8、toliquid(4carbonatomsorlessisgaseous)Mel
