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1996年全国考研英语真题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)1.Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften________,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good（A）[D]goodas2.Mypain________apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”[A]mustbe[B]had[C]musthavebeen（C）[D]hadtobe3.Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme________shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.[A]eversince[B]muchas[C]eventhough（D）[D]ifonly 4.Observationsweremade________thechildrenatthebeginningandattheendofpreschoolandfirstgrade.[A]towards[B]of[C]on（B）[D]with5.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each________onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.[A]makes[B]made[C]istomake（D）[D]making6.Asafetyanalysis________thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.[A]wouldidentify[B]willidentify[C]wouldhaveidentified（C）[D]willhaveidentified7.Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf________.[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflastyear’s[C]ofthoseoflastyear's（D）[D]thatoflastyear’s8.Forthere________successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.[A]is[B]tobe[C]willbe（B）[D]being 9.TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently________whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.[A]giving[B]gave[C]togive（A）[D]given10.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything________goingonintheworld.[A]itis[B]asis[C]thereis（C）[D]whatisPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)11.I’dratheryoubytrain,becauseItheideaofinanairplaneinbadweather.（[A]went）12.It’sessentialthatpeopleabletoresisttheimpactbythetransitionfromeconomytomarketeconomy.（[B]psychologically）13.Somebossesdislikepeopletheirresponsibilities;theykeepimportantmattersintheirownhands.（[A]allowing） 14.Eachcigarettewhichapersonsmokesharm,andeventuallymaygetaseriousdiseasefromeffect.（[C]he）15.,ambitiousstudentstosucceedintheirstudiesthanlittleambition.（[B]aremorelikely）16.muchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfully.（[C]are）17.In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andinGermanyuntilofNazismhewasdrivenGermanybecausehewasaJew.（[C]when）18.ThedatafromthewhirlingaroundMarsthatthereismuchevidencethathugethunderstormsabouttheequatoroftheplanet.（[B]twospacecraft）19.Generallyspeaking,thebirdflyingourpathisobserved,andstayingonthetreenearispassedbywithoutanynoticeofit.（[D]taken）20.Mercury’svelocityisgreaterthanthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimetakestheEarthtocomplete.（[C]it）PartCDirections: Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)21.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere________.[A]hungup[B]hungback[C]cutdown（D）[D]cutoff22.Shewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend________heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.[A]sometimes[B]sometime[C]sometime（B）[D]sometimes23.Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe________witheveryonewhocomestothestore.[A]accepted[B]admitted[C]admired（D）[D]acquainted24.Hedoesnot________asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.[A]equal[B]match[C]qualify（C）[D]fit25.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen________thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.[A]pursuing [B]chasing[C]reaching（A）[D]winning26.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat________thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.[A]atlarge[B]atintervals[C]atease（B）[D]atrandom27.Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovideasecure________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.[A]substitute[B]selection[C]preference（D）[D]alternative28.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha________character.[A]gracious[B]suspicious[C]unique（B）[D]particular29.Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.[A]absorption[B]transition[C]consumption（A）[D]interaction30.Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely________myideastoproveyourpoint.[A]revising [B]contradicting[C]distorting（C）[D]distracting31.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered________ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.[A]indistinctly[B]separately[C]irrelevantly（D）[D]independently32.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto________herlaughter.[A]holdback[B]holdon[C]holdout（A）[D]holdup33.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher________attitudetowardcustomers.[A]impartial[B]mild[C]hostile（C）[D]opposing34.I________withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.[A]express[B]confess[C]verify（D）[D]acknowledge35.Itisstrictly________thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew. [A]secured[B]forbidden[C]regulated（C）[D]determined36.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin________againnextspring.[A]assembly[B]session[C]conference（B）[D]convention37.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th________thebirthofJesusChrist.[A]inaccordancewith[B]intermsof[C]infavorof（D）[D]inhonorof38.Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam________tocarryingouttheplan.[A]obliged[B]committed[C]engaged（B）[D]resolved39.Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit________aswellaswehadhoped.[A]cameoff[B]wentoff[C]broughtout（A）[D]madeout40.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust________thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand. [A]improve[B]enhanced[C]guarantee（D）[D]gearSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededforfoodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andifismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andnitrogen.Theyaredifferenttheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforvitamins.Manypeople,,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.41.[A]either[B]so[C]nor（C）[D]never42.[A]shifting[B]transferring[C]altering（D）[D]transforming43.[A]any[B]some [C]anything（A）[D]something44.[A]serious[B]apparent[C]severe（B）[D]fatal45.[A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimes（C）[D]rarely46.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat（A）[D]exceptthat47.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays（D）[D]performs48.[A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]Providing（B）[D]Furnishing49.[A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excess（C）[D]external 50.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreover（A）[D]meanwhileSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications,willpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow. 51.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?[A]You’llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.[B]It’snousedreaming.[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.（B）[D]It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.52.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas________.[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob[C]aguidelineforjobdescription（A）[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause________.[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices（D）[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself54.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething________.[A]definitetooffer[B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply（A）[D]desirabletopresentText2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion, parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof￡83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation--ofwhomtherearemany--arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke,”theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels–ITVandChannel4--wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions--whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.55.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces________.[A]theproblemofnewcoverage[B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic（B）[D]shrinkageofaudience56.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue?[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.[B]Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalcooperations.（C）[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.57.TheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor________.[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen [C]acontractwiththeQueen（C）[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily58.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan________.[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs（D）[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannelsText3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“labour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelations impossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.59.It’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat________.[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies（C）[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin________.[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses（A）[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat________.[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly（C）[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole62.Theauthorismostcriticalof________.[A]familyfilmowners[B]landowners[C]managers（D）[D]shareholdersText4WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine? Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.63.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto________.[A]elementaryschools[B]enthusiasticworkers[C]theattractivepremiumsystem（D）[D]aspecialwayofthinking 64.ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics________.[A]benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge[B]shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement[C]wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining（A）[D]owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment65.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause________.[A]theyarebothwinnersofawards[B]theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking[C]theybothabandonverbaldescription（B）[D]theybothusevariousinstruments66.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.[A]InventiveMind[B]EffectiveSchooling[B]WaysofThinking（A）[D]OutpouringofInventionsText5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior. Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes--andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.67.“Creationism”inthepassagerefersto________.[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation（D）[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse68.Kitcher’sbookisintendedto________.[A]recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists[B]exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists[C]cursebitterlyatthisopponents（B）[D]launchasurpriseattackoncreationists69.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.[A]reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate[B]creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning[C]evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists（B）[D]creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings70.Thispassageappearstobeadigestof________.[A]abookreview[B]ascientificpaper[C]amagazinefeature（A）[D]anewspapereditorialSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections: ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotime,questionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73)Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting“good”asopposedto“bad”science,butavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.74)However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.75)Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.SectionVWriting76.Directions:[A]Title:GOODHEALTH[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.”[E]YourcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)OUTLINE:1.Importanceofgoodhealth2.Waystokeepfit3.Myownpractices
