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1、轻松英语教研组教师培训用资料名词知识清单第一节可数名词可数名词的数,单与复;可数名词变复数,四大框架要记住一规则变化(5条)1一般情况下直接加-s.在清辅音后读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后读/z/如:cooks,pens,boys2以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词,直接加-es,读/iz/.如:buses,boxes,inches(英寸)3以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,y变成i,再加es,读/IZ/如:lady-ladies,story-stories注意:以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s。如:boy-boys4以o结尾的名词。①一般直接加s读/z/。如:radio-radi
2、os,photo-photos,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos②少数加es,读/z/。如:hero-heroes,negro-negroes,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes③两种情况均可。如:zero-zeros/zeroes5以f/fe结尾的词。①一般将f/fe变为v,再加es,读/vz/如:wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,life,half,leaf妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf), 小偷(thief)吓得发了慌; 躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life
3、), 半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光.②有些直接加s,读/s/如:roof(房顶)-roofs,belief(信仰)-beliefs,safe(保险箱)-safeschief(首领)-chiefs,scarf(围巾)-scarfs/scarves③个别有两种形式如:handkerchief(手帕)-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves二不规则变化(3条)1变内部元音。如:man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth2单复数同形。如:fish,sheep,deer,jin(斤),yuan3无规则变化。如:mouse-mic
4、e,child-children,ox-oxen.三某国人变复数(3条)1中日友好一致,不变还有ish.如:Chinese---ChineseJapanese--Japanese Swiss---SwissSwedish--Swedish2英法同盟a变e。如:Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen轻松英语教研组教师培训用资料☆☆☆English指所有英国人(整体)Englishman指一个个的英国人(个体)3其余一律加s。如:American---Americans Australian---Austra
5、liansCanadian---CanadiansKorean---KoreansRussian---Russians Indian---Indians四合成词变复数(4条)1有核心词,核心词加s。如:story-teller→story-tellersmother-in-law(岳母)→mothers-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bylooker-on→lookers-on(旁观者)2无核心词,在词尾加s。如:grown-up→grown-upsgo-between(中间人)→go-betweens3男孩女孩不当家,boy/girlstuden
6、t-boy/girlstudents4男人女人各当家。mandriver-mendrivers,womanwriter-womenwriters第二节不可数名词的数一、不可数名词的数量表示方法数+量+of+名如:acupofteatwocupsoftea(数变量变,of名不变)二、常考的不可数名词1)液体类:water,milk,juice,tea,beer,wine,blood,honey2)肉类:meat,pork,chicken,lamb,beef,steak,mince,fish3)纸类(物质类):paper,fire4)粉末类:bread,rice5)新闻
7、,建议和消息news,advice,information,news东西南北四个单词首字母。6)家具(furniture)装备(equipment)需知识(knowledge)7)还有天气真有趣weather,fun三、复合形容词结构“数字+名词单数”或“数字+名词所有格”athree—legchair(黑体合成形容词,只能做前置定语,不能后置)afive—minutewalkafiveminutes’walk第三节名词所有格一、表示有生命的东西的名词所有格1)A’sMother’sDay,Father’sDay2)As’AprilFools’Day3)Aand