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1、ElectricPowerSystemandPowerSystemAutomaticElectircProwerSystems,componentsthattransformothertypesofenergyintoelectricalenergyandtransmitthisenergytoaconsumer.Theproductionandtransmissionofelectricityrelavtivelyefficientandinexpensive,althoughunlikeotherformsofenerg
2、y,electricityisnoteasilystored-upandthusmustgenerallybeusedasitisbeingproduced.ComponentsofanElectricPowerSystemAmodernelectricpowersystemconsistsofsixmaincomponents:(1)thepowerstation,(2)asetoftransformerstoraisethegeneratedpowertothehighvoltagesusedonthetransmiss
3、ionlines,(3)thetransmissionlines,(4)thesubstationsatwhichthepowerissteppeddowntothevoltageonthedistributionlines,(5)thedistributionlines,and(6)thetransformersthatlowerthedistributionvoltagetothelevelusedbytheconsumer'sequipment.PowerStationThepowerstationofapowersy
4、stemconsistofaprimemover,suchasaturbinedrivenbywater,steam,orcombustiongasesthatoperateasystemofelectricmotorsandgenerators.Mostoftheworld'selectricpowerisgeneratedinsteamplantsdrivenbycoal,oil,nuclearenergy,orgas.Asmallerpercentageoftheworld'selectricpowerisgenera
5、tedbyhydroelectric(waterpower),diesel,andinternal-combustionplants.TransformersModernelectricpowersystemusetransformertoconvertelectricityintodifferentvoltage.Withtransformers,eachstageofthesystemcanbeoperatedatanappropriatevoltage.Inatypicalsystem,thegeneratorsatt
6、hepowerstationdeliveravoltageoffrom1,000to26,000volts(V).Transformersstepthisvoltageuptovaluesrangingform138,000to765,000Vforthelong-distanceprimarytransmissionlinebecausehighervoltagecanbetransmittedmoreefficientlyoverlongdistances.Atthesubstationthevoltagemaybetr
7、ansformeddowntolevelsof69,000to138,000Vforfurthertransferonthedistributionsystem.Anothersetoftransformersstepthevoltagedownagaintoadistributionlevelsuchas2,400or4,160Vor15,27,or33kilovolts(KV).Finallythevoltageistransformedonceagainatthedistributiontransformerneart
8、hepointofuseto240or120V.TransmissionLinesThelineofhigh-voltagetransmissionsystemsareusuallycomposedofwiresofcopper,aluminum,orcopper-cladoralumin