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1、地基及基础工程1明挖基础1.1监理工程师应审批承包单位的施工方案及施工工艺，重点审查开挖范围、开挖坡度、支护方案、弃土位置、防排水、安全等措施。1.2检查施工放样成果、基坑开挖方式和支护形式。督促承包单位对支护结构、周围环境随时进行观察和监测。1.3当基坑开挖接近基底20cm时，监理工程师应到现场检查。应避免超挖，土质基底不得采用大型机械开挖，石质基底不得爆破。1.4监理工程师检查基底地质条件，见证检测基底承载力是否与设计相符（标准贯入或触探仪检测）。勘察设计单位对桥涵地基全部进行现场确认。当发现基础底面与设计不符时，应由勘察设计部门提出处理方案、具体措施。1.5检查基坑平面位置、坑
2、底尺寸、基底高程。1.6检查基底处理和排水情况。挖至标高的土质基坑或软岩基坑，不得长时间暴露、扰动或浸泡。符合要求后，应及时进行基础混凝土浇注或砌筑施工。1.7浇筑混凝土或砌筑砌体基础质量控制要点（1）监理工程师应加强对基础混凝土浇筑、基础砌筑过程检查连接钢筋及接茬石按规范要求进行设置。混凝土和砌体砂浆终凝前不得浸水。（2）要检查基础与墩台身的接缝。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infron
3、tofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidel
4、ines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthickness
5、andverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilema
6、sonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfro
7、mwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbeseton
