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1、绪论1.Whatispharmaceutics?Howmanybranchesofpharmaceutics?2.Whatisadrug?GivesomeexamplesAdrugisdefinedasanagentintendedforuseinthediagnosis,mitigation,treatment,cure,orpreventionofdiseaseinhumansorinotheranimals.药物是有目的地用于诊断、缓解、治疗、治愈或预防人类或动物疾病的物质。lEmetic(inducevomiting催吐剂)andantiemetic(prevent
2、vomiting止吐剂)drugslDiureticdrugs(increasetheflowofurine利尿剂)lExpectorantdrugs(increaserespiratorytractfluid除痰剂)lCatharticsorlaxatives(evacuatethebowel泻药)lOtherdrugsdecreasetheflowofurine,diminishbodysecretions,orinduceconstipation(便秘)3.Wheredonewdrugscomefrom?Giveexamples.Newdrugsmaybederive
3、dfromlPlantlAnimalsourceslAsbyproductsofmicrobialgrowthlThroughchemicalsynthesislMolecularmodificationlBiotechnology4.Explain:drugstandards,pharmacopeia,ISODrugstandardslTheunitedstatespharmacopeia(药典)andthenationalformulary(国家药品标准)lPharmakon,meaning“drug”;poiein,meaning“make”;lThecombinat
4、ionindicatesanyrecipeorformulaorotherstandardsrequiredtomakeorprepareadrug.lOrganizedsetsofmonographsorbooksofthesestandardsarecalledpharmacopeiasorformularies.InternationalOrganizationforstandardization(ISO)isaninternationalconsortiumofrepresentativebodiesconstitutedtodevelopandpromoteuni
5、formor94harmonizedinternationalstandards.国际标准化组织是一个代表性的国际联合会，其设立是为了发展和增进国际标准的均一性和协调性。ISO9000-ISO9004usedinthepharmaceuticalindustrylISOincludedstandardspertainingtodevelopment,production,qualityassurance,qualitycontrol,detectionofdefectiveproducts,qualitymanagement,andotherissuesasproducts
6、afetyandliability.lISO包括标准适合开发、生产、质量保证、质量控制、缺陷产品的检测、质量管理和其他如产品安全性和责任的问题。lInternationallyrecognizedquality-managementsystem.5.Howdoyouunderstandyourroleasaclinicalpharmacist?lCommunitypharmaciesPharmacistplaysanactiveroleinthepatient’suseofprescriptionandnonprescriptionmedication,diagnostic
7、agents,durablemedicalequipmentanddevices,otherhealth-relatedproducts.lPatient-careinstitutions1)Managedrugdistributionandcontrolsystems2)Provideavarietyofclinicalservicesasdrugutilizationreviews,druguseevaluations,therapeuticdrugmonitoring,(治疗药物的监测)intravenous
