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1、摘要本次设计的主要履内容是挖掘机主要零件及液压系统设计。通过与其它类型挖掘机的分析比较,次种挖掘机的通用性好,应用广泛,当进入松软或沼泽地段作业时,可以通过改变其宽度和长度以及浮式履带的方式来降低接地比压。液压式的挖掘机实现无级调速并且具有较大的调速范围,即使快速运转时也能保持较低且稳定的转速,采用的液压元件可以提高性能,实现平稳的传动,此外它容易操作。本次设计的是中小型液压挖掘机,其是斗容量0.2m3,主要设计挖掘机的工作装置、液压传动原理。设计时,选用了履带式行走装置,来满足其作业要求。上部转台设定成全回转式,所以它可以实现大范围的作业。同时采
2、用的液压传动控制改善了其作业的整体性能。同机械式挖掘机比较,它的工作效率提高了2~3倍,整机的质量大约为5吨,最大卸载高度约为2.65m,挖掘力约为30kN,最大挖掘半径约为5.728m,最大挖掘深度4.2m。通过上述参数,该机的整体性能得到了很大的提高,机重减轻的同时,其作业效率较高,传动稳定,设计的结构更合理可靠。此外,以结构推理为依据,对机器的工作装置进行机构改进和创新。关键词:液压挖掘机;挖掘机构;液压系统AbstractThisdesignedtopicisthemarchinghydraulicexcavatorexcavational
3、withothertypesexcavators,thiskindoftypeexcavatorusedveryuniversalthatbecausehasgoodthroughtheperformance,alsomayusetolengthenswidensaswellasthefloatingtypecaterpillarbandtoreducepressureforthesoftgroundorthebogregion.Thehydraulicexcavatormaincharacteristicis:notonlycanadjustst
4、hesteplessspeedbutalsocanadjustscopeverybig,canobtainalowerstablerotationalspeed,whenactionquickly,thehydraulicpartsproduceinertiasmall,accelerationaltheperformancegood,andmaymakethehighspeedreverse,thetransmissionsteady,structuresimple,mayabsorbattacksandvibrates,theoperation
5、reduceseffort,andtobeeasytorealizetheautomatedcontrol,iseasytorealizethestandardization,theseriation,theuniversalization.Thisdesignedmainparameterisscoopcapacity0.2m3,itislongtothemiddleandsmallscalehydraulicexcavator,mainlydesigntheexcavator,stheworkinstallmentandthehydraulic
6、transmissionprinciple.Inthedesign,usedmarchingwalkedtheinstallmenttosatisfiedrequest.Upsidetheturnplateistheentirerotation,thereofitmayworkinagreaterscope.Andfurtherbecauseusesthehydraulicsteeringtoenabletheentiremachineperformancetoimprove.Comparedwiththemechanicaltypeexcavat
7、or,itsexcavationstrengthenhanceto2~3times,theentiremachineweightapproximatelyis5tons,theexcavationstrengthapproximatelyis30kN,thebiggestunloadinghighapproximatelyis2.65m,biggestdiggingdepthis4.2m,thebiggestexcavationradiusapproximatelyis5.728m,thuscanseetheentiremachineworkabi
8、litytohavetheverybigimprovement,notonlyexcavationstrengthbig,