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1、定语从句省略1.关系词充当从句的宾语的时候,可以直接省略,而从句不发生任何形式的改变。Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingfor.=Thisistherightbookyouarelookingfor.2.关系词充当从句的主语时,如果谓语结构为实词,将关系代词进行省略,而从句中的实词要发生形式的改变。如果原本从句是一个主动语态,可以将动词直接变成ing形式。如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态,可以直接保留过去分词。如FruitthatcontainsVCcanrelieveacold.=Fr
2、uitcontainingVCcanrelieveacold.3.如果谓语结构为be+名词,这时,可以将be动词同时省略,将后面的名词和前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。如IknowLucywhoistheleaderoftheteam.=IknowLucy,theleaderoftheteam.4.3.先行词为theway,后面的关系代词可以是that,inwhich或者是不加任何关系代词。如:Ilikethewayyoutalk.5.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关
3、系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who6.(1)which用于下列情况:(I)如果引导的是非限定性定语从句;(II)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;(III)先行词本身是that等。(2)that用于下列情况:(I)先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词;(II)先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;(III)先行词被序数词、形容
4、词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;(IV)先行词被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是),thelast修饰;(V)先行词中既有人也有物;(VI)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意:先行词是theway,并在定语从句充当状语时,关系代词用that或省略,若用which,其前加介词in。疑问:Thiswasthehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyear.是否存在这种方式并正确——Thiswasthehousethattheylivedinlastyear.7.当关系词在从
5、句中充当主语时,可以省略,后面的动词发生形式变化——主动语态时,动词变成-ING形式被动语态时,动词保留过去分词形式IknowthegirlwhocomesfromBJ.IoftenlikereadingshortnovelswhichwerewrittenbyHemingway.IoftenlikereadingshortnovelswrittenbyHemingway.IraiseadogwhichisnamedKING.*IraiseadognamedKING.Ibelievethecandidatewhomade
6、thespeechintheassemblyyesterdayissuretowinthesupport.*Ibelievethecandidatemakingthespeechintheassemblyyesterdayissuretowinthesupport.Iknowtheboywhowaspraisedbytheteacher.Thebookwhichisrelatedtothedevelopmenthasbeenpublishedrecently.Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth
7、.=Theylivedinahousewhichfacedthesouth.Theworkersworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.=Theworkerswhoworkinthefactoryarewell-paid.=Theworkerswhoareworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.ThetiewornbyourheadwasmadeinShanghai.=ThetiewhichiswornbyourheadwasmadeinShanghai.Thebookwr
8、ittenbyWangsellswell.=ThebookwhichwaswrittenbyWangsellswell.状语从句省略1.主句和从句的主语保持一致,称为分词作状语;省略从句的主语,将后面的动词发生形式变化,主动语态变成ing形式,若是被动语态,则变为ed形式2.如前后主语不一致,则称为独立主格结构。省略