器官移植 医学伦理学 英文

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1、ORGANTRANSPLANTThefirstsuccessfulliving-relatedkidneytransplantatBrighamHospitalinBoston:AkidneywastransplantedfromRonaldHerrickintohisidenticaltwin,Richard.UniformAnatomicalGiftActestablishestheUniformDonorCardasalegaldocumentforanyone18yearsofageoroldertolegallydonatehisor

2、herorgansupondeath.UNOSwasincorporatedasanindependent,non-profitorganization,committedtosavinglivesthroughunitingandsupportingtheeffortsofdonationandtransplantationprofessionals..UNOSlaunchesUNetsm,asecure,Internet-basedtransplantinformationdatabasesystemforallorganmatchinga

3、ndmanagementoftransplantdata.UNOSlaunchesDonorNetsm,asecure,Internet-basedsysteminwhichorganprocurementcoordinatorssendoutoffersofnewlydonatedorganstotransplanthospitalswithcompatiblecandidates.19541968198419992006HoworgansarematchedThefirststepGeographyplaysapartTheright-si

4、zedorganBeforeanorganisallocated,alltransplantcandidatesonthewaitinglistthatareincompatiblewiththedonorbecauseofbloodtype,height,weightandothermedicalfactorsareautomaticallyscreenedfromanypotentialmatches.Then,UNOS’computersystemdeterminestheorderthattheothercandidateswillre

5、ceiveoffers.Thereare58localdonorserviceareasand11UNOSregionsthatareusedforU.S.organallocation.Heartsandlungshavelesstimetobetransplanted,soweusearadiusfromthedonorhospitalinsteadofregionswhenallocatingthoseorgans.Properorgansizeiscriticaltoasuccessfultransplant,whichmeanstha

6、tchildrenoftenrespondbettertochild-sizedorgans.Althoughpediatriccandidateshavetheirownuniquescoringsystem,childrenessentiallyarefirstinlineforotherchildren’sorgans.GeneralnephrologyAllocationofresources:individualversuspopulationAcuterenalfailure-whenisitfutiletocontinueClin

7、icalandmoleculardiagnosisofinheriteddisordersDialysisESDRtreatmentinanunequalworldTransplantationSourceofdonororgansAnencephalicbabiesLivingdonors-paid-unpaid-coercion-minorsExecutedprisonersPatientsinapersistentvegetativestateEquitabledistributionoforgansCadavers’DonationsD

8、eadrole2ExecutedPrisoner1LivingDonationsnondirecteddonation2directeddonatio