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1、英语句子成分第二节:句子的成分在句中起不同句法作用的词、短语或从句叫做句子的成分(MemberofSentence)句子成分可分为主要成分、次要成分和独立成分三大部分。主要成分:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)谓语+表语(predicative)次要成分:宾语(object)宾语+宾补(ComplementofObject)定语(attribute)同位语(appositive)状语(adverbial)独立成分:感叹词(interjection)插入语(parenthesis)第三单元:简单句1.英语句子按作用分类:1.1陈述句e.g.She’snothea
2、lthy.Weareallgoodstudents.e.g.Youmustn’tplayfire.Youmusthandinyourhomeworktomorrowe.g.Hedoesn’tdomorningexerciseseveryday.Hedidn’tgoforapicnic.1.2疑问句1.2.1一般疑问句1.2.2特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序构成。如:e.g.Whenwereyouborn?Whendoyoulive?Whydidn’tyouseethemovie?Howlongwillyoustayhere?1.2.3反意疑问句陈述句(肯定句)+
3、疑问部分(否定式)。-6-LucylikesEnglish,doesn’the?陈述句(否定句)+疑问部分(肯定式)。Youdon’tstudyChinese,dothey?祈使句+willyou/won’tyou。Speaklouder,willyou?Givemeahand,willyou?Let’s祈使句+shallwe/shan’tweLet’sgo,shallwe?.LetuswatchTV,willyou?陈述部分如果有表示否定意思的某些词,如:never,seldom,hardly,few,little,nobody,noone,nothing,neither…
4、,疑问部分用肯定式。如:HeneverwatchesTV,doeshe?Noonecanhelpme,canthey?Fewpeopleunderstandwhathesaid,dothey?neverwatchesTV,doeshe?Noonecanhelpme,canthey?Fewpeopleunderstandwhathesaid,dothey?【注意】无论是“前肯后否”还是“前否后肯”的反意疑问句,都要根据事实来回答,事实是肯定的就用Yes来回答,事实是否定的就用No来回答。1.2.4选择疑问句一般选择疑问句。如:Isheaworkerorastudent?Doyo
5、ucomefromthecityorthecountry?特殊选择疑问句。如:Whichdoyouwant,thebigoneorthesmallone?1.3.祈使句1.3.1肯定的祈使句(动词原形+…)如:Sitdown,please.Tom,openthedoor,please.1.3.2否定的祈使句(Don’t+动词原形+…)如:Don’tplayfootballonthestreet.Tom,don’tplaycomputergamesagain.Don’tbelate.-6-1.4.感叹句1.4.1What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语Whataki
6、ndmanheis!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语Whatinterestingbookstheyare!What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语Whatdeliciousfooditis!Whatfineweatheritis!1.4.2How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语Howheavytherainis!Howhappilythechildrenareplaying!How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语Howinterestingabookitis!注意:感叹句中不定代词both,each,all等等作主语的同位语时的位置。Youarebothfo
7、olish.Howfoolishyoubothare!Youareallsilly.Howsillyyouallare!2.英语句子按结构分类:分为简单句、并列句和复合句句子结构分为3种,即简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句是主体,它是由一个主语或主语部分和一个谓语或谓语部分构成的。2.1简单句的五种基本句型I.主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+VI)Theyoftengettogetheronweekends.ThefirstOlympicGamesinmoderntimeshappenedin1896.II