采矿专业毕业设计外文翻译

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1、附录外文翻译APPLICATIONOFBLASTINGINDRIVINGTUNNEL1FRAGMENTATIONFragmentationisthebreakingofcoal,ore,orrockbyblastingsothatthebulkofthematerialissmallenoughtoload,handleandtransport.Fragmentationwouldbeatitsbestwhenthedebrisisnotsmallerthannecessaryforhandlingandnotsolargeastorequirehandbreakingorseconda

2、ryblasting.Energymustbesuppliedtorockbydirectorindirectmeanstofragmentthatrockandthetypeofloadingsystem.Fragmentationenergyisconsumedbythemainmechanisms:(1)creationofnewsurfacearea(fractureenergy),(2)friction(plasticity)and(3)elasticwaveenegydispersion.Theloadingmethoddeterminestherelativeproport

3、ionsandtheamountofenergyconsumedinfragmentingagivenrocktype.Unonfinedtensilefailureconsumestheleastenergywithanincreasinga,mountofenergyrequiredastherockismorehighlyconfinedwithinacompressivestressfieldduringfragmentationThewayenergyisappliedbytoolstocauserockormineralfragmentationisimportantinde

4、terminingfragmentationefficiency.Tobestdesignfragmentationtoolsandoptimizefragmentationsystemsitwouldbedesirabletoknowhowrockpropertiesinfluencebreakage.Thestrengthofrockisinfluencedbytheenvironmentalconditionsimposedontherock.Thoseofmostimportanceinrockare(1)confiningpressure,(2)porefluidpressur

5、e,(3)temperatureand(4)rateofloadapplication.Increaseinconfiningpressure,aswithincreasingdepthbeneaththearth'ssurfaceorundertheactionofafragmentationtool,causesanincreaseinrockstrength.Apparentrockstrengthdecreasesasporcfluidpressureincreases,sinceitdecreasestheeffectofconfiningpressure.Althoughch

6、emicaleffectsofporefluidsinfluencerockstrength,theygenerallyaresmallcomparedtotheconfiningpressureeffect,exceptforasmallminorityofrocktypes.Increaseinrocktemperaturecausesadecreaseinrockstrength.Thiseffectisverysmallbecauseofthesmallambienttemperaturechangesfoundduringmining.Anincreaseinrateofloa

7、dapplicationcausesanapparentincreaseinrockstrength.Rockexhibitsdirectionalpropertiesthatinfluencethewayitbreaks.Theseareembodiedintheconceptofrockfabric,whichconnotesthestructureorconfigurationoftheaggregatecomponentsa