土木工程类外文文献翻译

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1、毕业设计外文文献翻译外文翻译Abstract:Tostudytheapplicationofcontinuumstructuraltopologyoptimizationmethodstorealengineeringstructures,anoptimizationmethodforanoptimaltopologydesignofmultistorysteelframebracingsystemsispresented.Onasensitivityanalysis,anelementremovalcriterionf

2、orcontinuumstructureswithstressandmulti-displacementconstraintsundermultiplelateralloadingconditionsisproposed.Aconceptofmeanthicknessofadesigndomainisprovidedtoensurethereasonablenessofoptimalresults.Intheproposedoptimizationmethod,theoptimaldesignofanunbracedst

3、eelframewithoutdisplacementconstraintsisperformedfirstly,andthentheoptimaltopologyofabracingsystemforthemultistorysteelframeconsideringdisplacementconstraintsisobtainedbyusingevolutionarystructuraloptimizationandthegivenremovalcriterion,andfinallytheoptimalayouto

4、fthebracingsystemisinterpretedasbracingmembers.Anexampleof3-bay12-storyplanesteelframeshowsthatitiseffectiveforthegivenoptimizationmethodintheoptimaldesignofbracingsystemsformultistorysteelframes.Keywords:steelframe;bracingsystem;continuum;topologyoptimization;ev

5、olutionarystructuraloptimization1．ReinforcedConcretePlainconcreteisformedfromahardenedmixtureofcement,water,fineaggregate,coarseaggregate(crushedstoneorgravel),air,andoftenotheradmixtures.Theplasticmixisplacedandconsolidatedintheformwork,thencuredtofacilitatethea

6、ccelerationofthechemicalhydrationreactionlfthecement/watermix,resultinginhardenedconcrete.Thefinishedproducthashighcompressivestrength,andlowresistancetotension,suchthatitstensilestrengthisapproximatelyonetenthlfitscompressivestrength.Consequently,tensileandshear

7、reinforcementinthetensileregionsofsectionshastobeprovidedtocompensatefortheweaktensionregionsinthereinforcedconcreteelement.Itisthisdeviationinthecompositionofareinforcesconcretesectionfromthehomogeneityofstandardwoodorsteelsectionsthatrequiresamodifiedapproachto

8、thebasicprinciplesofstructuraldesign.Thetwocomponentsoftheheterogeneousreinforcedconcretesectionaretobesoarrangedandproportionedthatoptimaluseismadeofthemateri