外文翻译---高速铁路与动车组

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1、附　录附录A外文翻译High-speedRailandMultipleUnitsHigh-speedHigh-speedrailispublictransportbyrailatspeedsinexcessof200km/h.Typically,high-speedtrainstravelattopservicespeedsofbetween250km/hand300km/h-Theworldspeedrecordforaconventionalwheeledtrainwassetin1990，byaFrenchTGV(TrainaGrand

2、evitesse)thatreachedaspeedof513.5km/h，andanexperimentalJapanesemagneticlevitationtrainhasreached581km/h.TheInternationalUnionofRailway’high-speedtaskforceprovidesdefinitionsofhigh-speedrailtravel.Thereisnosingledefinitionoftheterm,butratheracombinationofelements—neworupgrad

3、edtrack,rollingstock,operatingpractices一thatleadtohigh-speedrailoperations.Thespeedsatwhichatrainmusttraveltoqualifyas“high-speed”varyfromcountrytocountry,rangingfrom160km/htoover300km/h.Thereareconstraintsonthegrowthofthehighwayandairtravelsystems，widelycitedastrafficconge

4、stion,orcapacitylimits.Airportshavelimitedcapacitytoservepassengersduringpeaktraveltimes,asdohighways.High-speedrail，whichhaspotentiallyveryhighcapacityonitsfixed4corridors，offersthepromiseofrelievingcongestionontheothersystems.PriortoWorldWarII,conventionalpassengerrailwas

5、theprincipalmeansofintercitytransport.Passengerrailserviceshavelosttheirprimaryroleintransport,duetothesmallproportionofjourneysmadebyrail.High-speedrailhastheadvantageoverautomobilesinthatitcanmovepassengersatspeedsfarfasterthanthosepossiblebycar,whilealsoavoidingcongestio

6、n.Forjourneysthatdonotconnectcitycentretocitycentre，thedoortodoortraveltimeandthetotalcostofhigh-speedrailcanbecomparabletothatofdriving.Afactoftenmentionedbycriticsofhigh-speedtrains.However,supportersarguethatjourneysbytrainarelessstrenuousandmoreproductivethancarjourneys

7、.Whilehigh-speedtrainsgenerallydonottravelasfastasjetaircraft,theyhaveadvantagesoverairtravelforrelativelyshortdistances.Whentravelinglessthanabout650km,theprocessofcheckinginandgoingthroughsecurityscreeningatairports,aswellasthejourneytotheairportitself,makesthetotaljourne

8、ytimecomparabletohigh-speedrail.Trainscanbeboardedmorequicklyinacentrallocation，el