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1、摘 要目前生产二甲醚的方法不同,甲醇液相脱水法,合成气一步法,一氧化碳直接合成法,甲醇气相脱水法等。不过,最主要的方法,气相甲醇脱水法制备二甲醚。该工艺中,气相先将工业加热的甲醇脱水,二甲醚,冷凝和蒸发,蒸馏和类似的制造方法。使用甲醇气相脱水法制备DME,主要做到以下几点:比较不同类型板的优点和缺点,选择了气液传质筛板塔;完成二甲醚和甲醇回收塔的分离和塔高径,板布局设计;换热器的计算,你需要选择水泵选型的类型和塔及辅助设备。该设计包括设计说明书和图纸两部分。说明书包括确定过程,物料平衡,热平衡,工艺设备的设计
2、和选择,并进行初步的经济分析,如图纸,包括工艺流程图,蒸馏设备和工厂布局等图。-I-Theprocessdesignondimethyletherofannualoutput200,000tonsAbstractTherearevariousmethodsofproducingdimethylether,suchasliquidmethanoldehydration,CO2directsynthesis,synthesisfromsyngas,vapormethanoldehydrationandsoon.At
3、present,however,vapormethanoldehydrationisthemainway.Intheprocessofvaporphasemethod,methanolwasheatedandevaporatedfirstly;andthen,wasdehydrated;finally,dimethyletherwascondensatedandrectified.DMEwasproducedwiththemethodofvapormethanoldehydrationinthisdesign.
4、Thetasksfinishedareasfollow.Includingthefollowingtasks:headvantagesanddisadvantagesofseveralkindsoftowerplateswerecompared.Atlasttheperforatedplatetowerwaschosentofinishthemasstransferbetweenthevaporandtheliquid;Theheight,diameterandarrangementofcolumnplateo
5、fdimethyletherseparationtowerandmethanolrecoverytowerweredesigned;Theequipmentselectionincludingtheheatexchangers,pumpsandaffiliatedfacilitieshasalsobeendone.Thedesignconsistsoftwoparts,thespecificationsandthedrawings.Determinationoftechnologicalprocess,mate
6、rialbalance,heatbalance,processequipmentsdesignandselection,aswellasapreliminaryeconomicanalysiswereallincludedinthespecifications.Andthedrawingsweremadeofflowchartofthewholeprocess,equipmentdrawingofrectificationtoweraswellasthelayoutchartoffactory.KeyWords
7、:dimethylether;Thevaporphasemethanol dehydration;processdesign;perforatedplatetower;-II-目 录摘 要IAbstractII引 言11文献综述21.1研究现状及其意义21.1.1二甲醚的物理性质21.1.2二甲醚的用途及其前景21.1.3课题研究的工艺比较22合成塔的计算72.1衡算物料72.2计算催化剂床层体积72.3反应器管数82.4热量衡算83DME精馏塔设计计算103.1DME料衡算及的物精理论板数馏塔103.2
8、实际板层数的求取113.3精有关物性塔的工数据的计算馏艺条件及123.3.1操作压力的计算123.3.2操作温度计算123.3.3平质量均计算摩尔123.3.4平度计算均密133.3.5液体平面张力的计算均表143.3.6液体平均粘度153.3.7精馏尺寸工艺计算塔的塔体153.3.8精的计径算馏段塔15-VI-3.3.9提馏径的计算段塔163.3.10精高度的计馏塔有效173.4塔板