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1、personifythevanishingaristocracyoftheSouth,stillmaintainingablackservantandbeingruthlessbetrayedbyamoneymakingYankee.Sometimesapartofacharacter’sbodyoranattributemayconveysymbolicmeaning,forexample,abalefuleyeinEdgarAllanPoe’s“TheTell-TaleHeart.” 4.Symbolusedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact An
2、otherkindofsymbolcommonlyemployedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact:anactoragesturewithlargersignificancethanitsliteralmeaning.CaptainAhabinMelville’sMoby-Dickdeliberatelysnapshistobaccopipeandthrowsitawaybeforesettingoutinpursuitofthehugewhale,agesturesuggestingthatheisdeterminedtotakehisreveng
3、eandwillletnothingtodistracthimfromit.Anothertypicalsymbolicactistheburningofthebarnbytheboy’sfatherinFaulkner’s“BarnBurning”:itisanactofnomeredestroyingabarn,butanexpressionofhisprofoundspiteandhatredtowardsthatclassofpeoplewhohavedrivenhisfamilyoutofhisland.Hishatredextendstoanythinghedoesno
4、tpossesshimselfand,beyondthat,burningabarnreflectsthefather’smemoriesofthe“wasteandextravaganceofwar”andthe“elementoffirespoketosomedeepmainspring”inhisbeing. 5.Asymbolisatrope Inabroadliterarysense,asymbolisatropethatcombinesaliteralandsensuousqualitywithannecessaryorsuggestiveaspect.However,
5、inliterarycriticismitisnecessarytodistinguishsymbolfromimage,metaphor,and,especially,allegory. Animage Animageisaliteralandconcreterepresentationofasensoryexperienceorofanobjectthat canbeknownbyoneormoreofthesenses.Itisthemeansbywhichexperienceinitsrichnessandemotionalcomplexityiscommunicated.
6、(HolmanandHarmon,AHandbooktoLiterature,1986)Imagesmaybeliteralorfigurative,aliteralimagebeingonethatinvolvesnonecessarychangeorextensionintheobviousmeaningofthewords.Proseworksareusuallyfullofthiskindofimage.Forexample,novelsandstoriesbyConardandHemingwayarenotedfortheevocativepoweroftheirlite
7、ralimages.Afigurativeimageisonethatinvolvesa“turn”ontheliterarymeaningofthewords.Forexample,inthelines“Itisabeauteousevening,calmandfree;/Theholytimeisquietasanun,”thesecondlineishighlyfigurativewhilethefirstlineevokesaliteralimage.Weco
