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1、附录一英文原文Anti-lockbrakingsystemFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaAnanti-lockbrakingsystem(ABS)isasafetysystemthatallowsthewheelsonamotorvehicletocontinueinteractingtractivelywiththeroadsurfaceasdirectedbydriversteeringinputswhilebraking,preventingthewhee
2、lsfromlockingup(thatis,ceasingrotation)andthereforeavoidingskidding.AnABSgenerallyoffersimprovedvehiclecontrolanddecreasesstoppingdistancesondryandslipperysurfacesformanydrivers;however,onloosesurfaceslikegravelorsnow-coveredpavement,anABScansignifica
3、ntlyincreasebrakingdistance,althoughstillimprovingvehiclecontrol.Sinceinitialwidespreaduseinproductioncars,anti-lockbrakingsystemshaveevolvedconsiderably.Recentversionsnotonlypreventwheellockunderbraking,butalsoelectronicallycontrolthefront-to-rearbra
4、kebias.Thisfunction,dependingonitsspecificcapabilitiesandimplementation,isknownaselectronicbrakeforcedistribution(EBD),tractioncontrolsystem,emergencybrakeassist,orelectronicstabilitycontrol(ESC).HistoryEarlysystemsTheABSwasfirstdevelopedforaircraftus
5、ein1929bytheFrenchautomobileandaircraftpioneer,GabrielVoisin,asthresholdbrakingonairplanesisnearlyimpossible.AnearlysystemwasDunlop'sMaxaretsystem,whichwasintroducedinthe1950sandisstillinuseonsomeaircraftmodels.Thesesystemsuseaflywheelandvalveattached
6、toahydrauliclinethatfeedsthebrakecylinders.Theflywheelisattachedtoadrumthatrunsatthesamespeedasthewheel.Innormalbraking,thedrumandflywheelshouldspinatthesamespeed.However,ifawheelweretoslowdown,thenthedrumwoulddothesame,leavingtheflywheelspinningatafa
7、sterrate.Thiscausesthevalvetoopen,allowingasmallamountofbrakefluidtobypassthemastercylinderintoalocalreservoir,loweringthepressureonthecylinderandreleasingthebrakes.The18useofthedrumandflywheelmeantthevalveonlyopenedwhenthewheelwasturning.Intesting,a3
8、0%improvementinbrakingperformancewasnoted,becausethepilotsimmediatelyappliedfullbrakesinsteadofslowlyincreasingpressureinordertofindtheskidpoint.Anadditionalbenefitwastheeliminationofburnedorbursttires.In1958,aRoyalEnfieldSuperMeteormotorcycle
