护理技术操作并发症及其处理

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1、济南市第五人民医院制定于2013年3月1日护理技术操作并发症及其处理护理部69济南市第五人民医院制定于2013年3月1日目录肌肉注射法操作并发症············································第3-4页皮内注射法操作并发症·················！··························第4-7页皮下注射法操作并发症············································第7-9页静脉注射法操作并发症···············

2、·····························第9-13页周围静脉输液法操作常见并发症····································第13-19页静脉输血操作并发症··············································第19-24页动脉穿刺抽血法常见并发症········································第24-27页静脉采血法操作并发症·········································

3、···第27-29页口腔护理操作并发症··············································第29-31页69济南市第五人民医院制定于2013年3月1日鼻胃管鼻饲法操作并发症··········································第32-34页留置胃管法操作并发症············································第35-36页胃肠减压术操作并发症······································

4、······第36-40页氧气吸入操作并发症··············································第40-44页雾化吸入操作并发症··············································第44-46页冷敷法操作并发症················································第46-47页热敷法操作并发症················································第47-48页导

5、尿术操作并发症················································第48-51页导尿管留置法操作并发症··········································第51-55页膀胱冲洗法操作并发症············································第55-56页69济南市第五人民医院制定于2013年3月1日大量不保留灌肠法操作并发症······································第56-58页

6、吸痰法操作并发症················································第58-59页胸外心脏按压术操作并发症········································第59-62页深静脉置管术操作并发症··········································第62-66页肌内注射法操作并发症一、概述：肌内注射法（intramuscularinjection）是将少量的药液注入肌肉组织内的方法。主要是用于由于药物或病情因素不宜口服给药

7、；要求药物在短时间内发生疗效而又不适用于或不必要采用静脉注射；药物刺激性较强或药量较大，不适用于皮下注射者。肌内注射亦可引起一些并发症，如疼痛、神经性损伤、局部或全身感染、疾病传播、硬结形成、针头堵塞及过敏性休克等。疾病传播、硬结形成、虚脱、过敏性休克、针头弯曲或针头折断等并发症其发生原因、临床表现及预防处理与皮内注射、皮下注射基本相同。一、疼痛（一）原因肌内注射引起疼痛有多方面的原因，如针刺入皮肤的疼痛，推注药物刺激皮肤的疼痛。一次性肌内注射药物过多、药物刺激性过大、速度过快。注射部位不当，进针过深或过浅等都可引起疼痛。

8、甚至可出现下肢瘫痪。（二）临床表现注射局部疼痛、酸胀、肢体无力、麻木。可引起下肢和坐骨神经疼痛，严重者可引起足下垂或跛行，甚至可出现下肢瘫痪。（三）预防及处理1．正确选择注射部位。2．掌握无痛注射技术。进行肌肉注射前，先用拇指按压注射点10秒，然后常规皮肤消毒注射；注射器内存在少量空气可减少疼痛；用持针