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1、跨文化交际学题型名词解释整理：Interculturalcommunication:interculturalcommunicationisaface-to-facecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalback-grounds.Intraculturalcommunication:intraculturalcommunicationcanbedefinedastheextenttowhichthereissharedinterperson
2、alcommunicationbetweenmembersofthesameculture–whetherthisisinthemajority.orwithinminoritycultures.Perception:initssimplestsense,perceptionis,asMarshallsingertellsus“theprocessbywhichanindividualselects,evaluates,andorganizesstimulifromtheexternalworl
3、d.”inotherwords,perceptionisaninternalprocesswherebyweconvertthephysicalenergiesoftheworldintomeaningfulinternalexperiences.Individualism:broadlyspeaking,individualismreferstothedoctrinetheatertheinterestsoftheindividualareofoughttobeparamount,andtha
4、tallvalues,rightsanddutiesoriginateinindividuals,itemphasizesindividualinitiative,independence,individualexpression,andevenprivacy.Collectivism:itischaracterizedbyarigidsocialframeworkthatdistinguishbetweenin-groupsandout-groups.peopleexpecttheirin-g
5、rouptolookafterthem,andinexchangeforthattheyfelltheyoweabsoluteloyaltytothegroup.collectivismmeansgreateremphasison(1)theviews,needs,andgoalsofthein-groupsratherthanoneself;(2)socialnormsanddutydefinedbythein-groupratherthanbehaviortogetpleasure;(3)b
6、eliefssharedwiththein-group;ratherthanbeliefsthatdistinguishselffromingroup;and(4)greatreadinesstocooperatewithingroupmembership.Powerdistance:it’stheextenttowhichasocietyacceptsthatpowerinrelationships,institutions,andorganizationsisdistributedunequ
7、ally.Context:it’stheinformationthatsurroundsanevent,itisinextricablyboundupwiththemeaningoftheevent.High-contextcommunication:itisakindofcommunicationinwhichmostoftheinformationisalreadyintheperson;whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpar
8、tofthemessage,e.g.,Chinese,JapaneseLow-contextcommunication:it’sjusttheoppositeofhigh-contextcommunication.it’sthemassofinformationisrestedintheexplicitcode,e.g.AmericanGermanHigh-contextculture:it'sakindofcultureinwhichpeopleareveryhomogeneouswithre
