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1、10大物理学难题困扰世界(详细版)（Top10physicsproblemsplaguingtheworld(detailedEdition)）Physicistspickedout10ofthemostdifficultphysicsproblemstoanswerKeepthembusyfor100years.Althoughthereisnoreward,however,theanswertoanyquestionispoorNotmanywontheNobelprize[NewYorkTimes,August15th]:tenmajorphysicsthatrequir
2、estwothousandyearsofthinkingProblem(authorGeorgeJohnson)100yearsago,thecharactermathematicianDavidHilbertinParistotheInternationalCongressofmathematiciansHisthought-provokingspeechbeganhisepochmakingspeech.Hestatedinhisspeechthatithadnotbeenresolvedatthattime23majorproblems.Hilbertdeclared:"
3、theendofagreaterarequiresnotonlyustoreturn."First,italsoleadsustothinkdeeplyabouttheunknownfuture."Withanothercentury-It'sactuallytheendofawholemillennium,andthere'saclaimthatlooksmorethaneverMorepressing,thatistoshowhumanignorancebyenumeratingthemostfascinatingmysteriesoftheuniverse.InMay,c
4、laymathematicssocietyinCambridge,Massachusetts,followedHilbertandannouncedinParis7thousandyeargrandprizeproblem,1milliondollarsrewardforeachquestiontoaskforanswers.Coincidentally,lastmonth,CaliforniaUniversity,SantaBarbarakeptasusual,physicistsdonotZhangYangendedameetingofsuperstringtheory.T
5、heirfinaldiscussionwas"crazyfortheyear"",Theagendaistopickout10ofthemostincredibleproblemsintheirfield.It'slikeafieldofScienceAclevergroupofpeopleonadesertislandgame.CaliforniaSantaBarbaraUniversitytheoreticalphysicistDavidGrosspublishedintheselectedissuesSaid:"Ithinkaboutitthisway:ifI'dbeen
6、unconsciousfor100yearsfromnow,whenIwokeup,IwouldaskWhat'stheproblem?."Aftereliminatingsomebigquestionandanswerquestions(suchas"howtogettenure?"),thejudgesListstheproblemsthatphysicistshavebeenbusywithfor100years.Althoughthereisnoreward,buttosolveAlmostanyofthefollowingquestionscanbeguarantee
7、dfortheNobelprize.1.canall(measurable)dimensionlessparametersthatexpressthephysicalworldcharacteristicscanbecalculatedinprinciple?,Oristheresomethingthatonlydependsonthecalendarorquantummechanics,andsoitcan'tbeextrapolated?Theparameters?Einstein'ss
