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1、外文文献1.Performanceappraisals-purposeandhowtomakeiteasierPerformanceappraisalsareessentialfortheeffectivemanagementandevaluationofstaff.Appraisalshelpdevelopindividuals,improveorganizationalperformance,andfeedintobusinessplanning.Formalperformanceappraisalsareg
2、enerallyconductedannuallyforallstaffintheorganization.Hisorherlinemanagerappraiseseachstaffmember.DirectorsareappraisedbytheCEO,whoisappraisedbythechairmanorcompanyowners,dependingonthesizeandstructureoftheorganization.Annualperformanceappraisalsenablemanagem
3、entandmonitoringofstandards,agreeingexpectationsandobjectives,anddelegationofresponsibilitiesandtasks.Staffperformanceappraisalsalsoestablishindividualtrainingneedsandenableorganizationaltrainingneedsanalysisandplanning.Performanceappraisalsalsotypicallyfeedi
4、ntoorganizationalannualpayandgradingreviews,whichcommonlyalsocoincidewiththebusinessplanningforthenexttradingyear.Performanceappraisalsgenerallyrevieweachindividual'sperformanceagainstobjectivesandstandardsforthetradingyear,agreedatthepreviousappraisalmeeting
5、.Performanceappraisalsarealsoessentialforcareerandsuccessionplanning-forindividuals,crucialjobs,andfortheorganizationasawhole.Performanceappraisalsareimportantforstaffmotivation,attitudeandbehaviordevelopment,communicatingandaligningindividualandorganizationa
6、laims,andfosteringpositiverelationshipsbetweenmanagementandstaff.Performanceappraisalsprovideaformal,recorded,regularreviewofanindividual'sperformance,andaplanforfuturedevelopment.Jobperformanceappraisals-inwhateverformtheytake-arethereforevitalformanagingthe
7、performanceofpeopleandorganizations.Managersandappraisescommonlydislikeappraisalsandtrytoavoidthem.Tothesepeopletheappraisalisdauntingandtime-consuming.Theprocessisseenasadifficultadministrativechoreandemotionallychallenging.Theannualappraisalismaybetheonlyti
8、mesincelastyearthatthetwopeoplehavesatdowntogetherforameaningfulone-to-onediscussion.Nowonderthenthatappraisalsarestressful-whichthendefeatsthewholepurpose.Appraisalsaremucheasier,andespe
