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1、3.11关系代词1）关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词thegirl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）关系代词-分类关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that可指人也可指物，见表： 限定性 指人非限定性 指物 限定性指人或指物 主格 who which that 宾格 whomthat that
2、属格 whose ofwhich/whose ofwhich/whoseThisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken。这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) 关系代词-用法关系代词that的用法 1）不用that的情况a)在引导非限定性定语从句时(错) Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介词后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfoo
3、d.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a) 在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。b) 在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c) 先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。不能用关系代词Which的几种情况1.当先行词为all,little,muc
4、h,few,everything,none等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore. 2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,不用which.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited. 3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用which.Guilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthat
5、Ihaveevervisited. 4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.Itistheonlybookthatheboughthimself. 6.当先行词被all,every,any,much,little
6、,few,no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.Thereisnoclothesthatfityouhere. 7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading? 8.在强调句型"Itis...that..."中,只用that,不用which.Itisinthisroomthathewasborntwentyyearsago. 9.在"such(thesa
7、me)...as..."句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.Weneedsuchmaterialsas(notwhich)canbearhightemperature. 10.表示"正如...那样","正象..."之意时,用as,不用which.Marywaslateagain,ashadbeenexpected. 11.As引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。Asweallknow,oceanscovermoreth
8、an70%oftheearth.关系代词-语法注意1.常用that不用which的情况: 1）先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等时。Iwilldoall(that)Icantohelpyou。 2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或theonly,thevery等所修饰时。 Hewastheonlypersonthatjoinedthearmyinhisvillagethatyear. 3）先行词既有人,又有物时Theyta
